Mechanics

ridhima  gupta's Avatar
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18 Dec 2007 10:02:37 IST
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ONLY FOR BRAINY IIT ASPIRANTS
Engineering Entrance , Medical Entrance , AIPMT , JEE Main , AIIMS , JEE Advanced , Physics , Mechanics

since most of us have finished
 
mechanics , especially the
 
+1 students who have it fresh
 
in their minds . let us try to
 
make our concepts more
 
better .
most of us must have faced
 
this problem of judging the
 
problem in the wrong way
 
let us compile all these
 
common errors and post it
 
here so that every1 can
 
benifit fron it
 
 
5 pointer to every
 
contribution cheers



Comments (109)

biki ....'s Avatar

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20 Dec 2007 21:37:02 IST
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lets discuss frames
 
once someone asked this ques.
 
a block of mass m is kept on the surface of a rough car moving with acceleration "a"
in +icap direction.
what all forces are acting on 'm' whan it is viewed in ground frame as well as car frame
 
 
 
in ground (inertial) frame....(no pseudo force)
the body is pushed back due to motion of car.
Forces are:-
1) mg ( -j^)
2)reaction(N) by floor (+j^)
and N = mg
3)frictional force(f) = umg(+i^)
So the frictional force is supposed to provide the necessary force ma(+i^) on the body which makes it move as seen from ground
i,e, f = ma

in car (non inertial frame)
the block is still pushed back and remain at rest for an observer in the car at the pushed position
1) mg ( -j^)
2)reaction(N) by floor (+j^)
and N = mg
3)frictional force(f) = umg(+i^)
4)pseudo force = ma(-i^)
Since the body is at rest as seen from the car,
so f = ma

In both cases , f = ma.
But from ground .... its a single force which actually is f but its magnitude is equal to ma
and from car.... they are two different forces in opposite direction making the body stay at rest.
 
same concept is applied for a ball hung from the ceiling of a car...
 
in ground (inertial) frame....(no pseudo force)
the ball is pushed back due to motion of car.
Forces are:-
1) mg ( -j^)
2)tension component Tsin (+i^) and tension component Tcos (+j^)
Now the tension component Tcos balances the weight of the body
Tcos = mg
So,tension component Tsin provides the necessary force whic makes the body move forward with accl^n a (as seen from ground) 
i,e, Tsin = ma

in car (non inertial frame)
the block is still pushed back and remain at rest for an observer in the car at the pushed position
1) mg ( -j^)
2)tension component Tsin (+i^) and tension component Tcos (+j^)
3)pseudo force = ma(-i^)
Since the ball is at rest as seen from the car,
so Tcos = mg
and Tsin = ma

In both cases , Tsin = ma
But from ground .... its a single force which actually is Tsin but its magnitude is equal to ma
and from car.... they are two different forces in opposite direction making the body stay at rest.
 
This proves ........ pseudo forces come only in non-inertial frames.
We may consider pseudo forces in inertial frame (here, ground frame) and arrive at the same result....... BUT THE CONCEPT REMAINS WRONG
biki ....'s Avatar

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20 Dec 2007 22:07:08 IST
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discussing a little theory
 
Consider the figure ...
In this fig. we will find out what should be the velocity of the bob at the lowest position so that the string becomes slack ( i,e, T = 0 )  at the horizontal diameter..
Now the weight acts perpendicular to the tension at this position and so has no component along the string....
So taking v =velocity at that point and T = tension and l = length of string....
we have T = mv2/l..
Now let u = velocity of the bob at lowest position so that the bob acquires velocity = v at the horizontal diameter....
So ... 1/2.mu2 = 1/2mv2 + mgl
or v2 = u2 - 2gl
Using this in equ^n of T.... we have
T = m(u2 - 2gl)/l
If string becomes slack.... T = 0
i,e, m(u2 - 2gl)/l = 0
or u2 - 2gl = 0
or u = 2gl
So we see that if velocity at lowest position should be equal to 2gl such that the string becomes slack at the horizontal diameter...
 
 
 
 
 
And see HCV-1 page 128 , example 8 where you will find that the velocity at lowest position  such that the bob complets a full circle is 5gl .
 
 
 
So we conclude that....
if velocity is less than 2gl, then string becomes slack below the horizontal diameter.
if velocity = 2gl, then string becomes slack at horizontal diameter..
if velocity is greater than 2gl but less than 5gl, then string becomes slack in the region between the horizontal diameter and the topmost position....
nishant singh's Avatar

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23 Dec 2007 12:24:58 IST
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well this  one from HCV(actually last few problems of HCV use this concept),

suppose a sphere rolling towards right with angular velocity w in clockwise direction,
when the sphere collides with the wall, then after collision, the linear velocity of sphere is leftwards (that is , linear velocity chages its direction) but the angular velocity w is still in clockwise direction
..
Kavya Sudha's Avatar

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23 Dec 2007 18:15:56 IST
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this is for all those who admire rotational dynamics...

here it is ....

1) we can use instantaneous point of rest for writing the torque equation only when the body is symmetrical and it should be on ground....for fast results

it can be used for non symmetrical bodies also i e when the ipr (instantaneous point of rest) is not in the same vertical line of the centre of mass...
but be careful of writing the torque of pseudo force...

for those who do not know this method earlier...we can use ipr for writing the torque equation because the pseudo force's torque will lie in the same vertical line so it wouldnt produce any torque as such ....

2) during a rod and a mass collision...most favourite questions of iit
conserve angular momentum about the point of collision...

the most amazing part of this solution is that whatever the collision might be ...elastic inelastic or semi....where it is quite complicated in getting the relation betn v and omega....it comes directly....using this and the only thing that will vary is the distance of point of collision..the same relation comes if the distance of point of collision is same and different ....collisions are taking place

3) and choose always a point which is not accelrated ( so as to avoid further errors...like writing pseudo force's torque ) so that atleast we get...relieved of unwanted ...forces ...that more and more equations ...to solve..

4) beware guys ....torque = i alpha can be written only using two points ..one is cm...and the other where it is hinged....

i gave the explanation why we use ipr in some cases above...

hope this helps guys...

go on iit is awating ....!!!
pooja bagmayee's Avatar

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Joined: 20 Dec 2007
Posts: 22
23 Dec 2007 19:52:02 IST
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it is true that if a rolling body enters a frictionless area, it will stop rolling.BUT it will continue to move in the given (previous) direction owing to its KE.
remember  friction causes rolling of a body.
correct me if i am wrong.
Rajat Khanduja's Avatar

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23 Dec 2007 21:16:37 IST
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This is a usual mistake. I've seen many people ( including some on this site commit this mistake. I hope this will make it clear)


As known by all, friction acts to prevent relative motion between two bodies.

This doesn't imply that if there's no motion, there is no friction.

Imagine this, when you push a block on a rough surface, there is no motion initially, but still friction acts

Some people feel that since there's no motion (relative) that implies there is no friction.

Then,
Why do we say that friction acts?[ Even though there is no relative motion]




It is because there 's  a tendency of relative motion. Had there been no friction, the body would have moved.

I guess it is clearer now. At least, I have succeeded in bringing the mistake under light.


Nudge me more explanation if reqd.

PS : rate me if I'm correct
praveen phatate's Avatar

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27 Dec 2007 23:54:29 IST
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in pure rolling
a=r
 
i think this was useful
praveen phatate's Avatar

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Joined: 21 Dec 2007
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28 Dec 2007 00:03:14 IST
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in pure rolling direction of friction is difficult to find out.

for eg:
A body is rolling with linear velocity v and rotating with angular velocity

case1
if we take friction is acting front.
then it will decrease  and increase v
and it will slip

case2
if it acts backwards
then it will increase  and decrease v.
and again it will slip

i hope this was useful
Rajat Khanduja's Avatar

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28 Dec 2007 11:50:37 IST
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For questions concerning friction,

whenever it becomes difficult to find the direction of friction, what do you do.

Skip the question. Well, why should you skip a question if that is the only problem you have. I hope the following will help you all.

To find the direction of friction, imagine the case when no friction was acting and then analyze the situation. For example, if a block slips over a rough surface, then ( as you already know) friction acts backwards. But lets try this method.

Imagine there was no friction. Then in which direction is the relative motion. With respect to the ground it is in the forward direction ( hope you know that much).

Now, remember, FRICTION ACTS TO RESIST RELATIVE MOTION. This is in itself the basic and the best formula to get the direction of friction.

Now apply it on the given case. Hence the friction acts backwards on the block.

I know that this was a simple example. Well, you have a book with you ( H.C. Verma ) that can give you various questions to practice this method. So I guess, I need not give any more examples.

Did you find this useful????

If the answer is yes, I'll be waiting for my reward (rating, for those who don't get my point)

Hot goIITian

Joined: 26 Jul 2007
Posts: 122
30 Dec 2007 16:45:51 IST
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Whenever in a Sum,b it of any type,if u see root3+1/2root2 then keep in mind while solving the sum that Sin15 or cos15 may be involved and this can be the trick more often than not!

Hot goIITian

Joined: 26 Jul 2007
Posts: 122
30 Dec 2007 16:48:04 IST
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The minimum Value Of anything of the form k+1/k is ALWAYS 2....be it trig,binomial,inequations....ANYTHING!...............Plz Rate!
Tarun Sharma's Avatar

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30 Dec 2007 17:10:48 IST
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Mechanics rocks
Important in Laws of motion::::::
1>> It is not neccessary that friction always opposes relative motion of bodies...
2>>The original Newtons law states that change in momentum is proportional to the force and not ma
3>>ma is not a force,,,its change in momentum????
4>>The centrifugal force is a pseudo force ....
5>>Pseudo force is just something which we apply to make a non-inertial frame inertial.
6>>Centripetal force is not a new force ...
7>>Centripetal force is due to already existing forces(component of them)...
8>>The point of application of static frictional force always remains at rest relative to both the bodies..
 
Hope it is useful...
 
ravi teja's Avatar

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30 Dec 2007 19:27:50 IST
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try 2 break egg by compressing it at the ends.u cant break it bcoz the forces are balanced
boredom's Avatar

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30 Dec 2007 19:52:13 IST
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Hey,
in  fluids
while writing buyont(hope the "speelin" is right)
v(body immersed)(into)density(into)effective gravity
+=>note g=9.8,here if it is in a lift or insome other planet that gravity (acceleration)must be taken
boredom's Avatar

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30 Dec 2007 19:53:15 IST
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Hey,
HARMNONIC
It is possible only if force=kx^n where n is odd
boredom's Avatar

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30 Dec 2007 19:56:22 IST
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Hey,
by the ways nice TOPIC
 
 
In waves it is important to note frequency depend only on source
 
 
 
 
PS:please forgive if it is too silly.dont boink me
Pramit's Avatar

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30 Dec 2007 21:10:28 IST
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Well I really have good advice
 
If u really want to success then dont waste ur time in reading these pages
 
 
And start doing work for iit
Rajat Khanduja's Avatar

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30 Dec 2007 21:11:11 IST
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I would like to add a comment on message posted by
nishantsingh89

As he said, when a ball collides with a wall, the linear velocity changes in the opposite direction, while the angular velocity remains in the same direction.

This happens as the normal acts through the centre (of mass). Hence no torque is produced about the com.

Hope u find it useful. Please Rate
bumba's Avatar

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31 Dec 2007 01:39:59 IST
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while solving few problems in work,power and energy,it is generally considered that work done by internal forces is always zero.
But that is not the right concept.In some problems, we have to take the work done by internal forces into consideration.Hence,always proceed by havinf a F.B.D in mind else not in paper and then use newton's 2nd law F(net)=Ma
boredom's Avatar

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3 Jan 2008 00:04:23 IST
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Hey,
Guass law is(can)also be used in gravitational field



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