E-StoreCARBON FAMILY
I have just compiled few important points about Carbon family and these points definately will help in just rememebring few key points for revision . This material i know is not complete and is compiled from different souces but definately going to be helpful. I will go in details tommorow for all groups and definately with larger coverage of the topic
Carbon Family ( C,Si,Ge, Sn and Pb)
Some of my friends remember like CaSi(kashi) GeiSan(jaisan) Pavitra
The elements differ significantly from each other.
Carbon is a non-metal, silicon and germanium are semi-conductors, tin and lead are metals.
They all have outer electron configurations s2p2.
They form compounds with oxidation state +4.
Tin and lead form compounds with oxidation state +2.
The stability of the +2 oxidation state relative to +4 increases down the group due to inert pair effect. Compounds with +4 oxidation state tend to be covalent, those with +2 tend to be ionic.
In the +2 state oxides tend to be basic. In the +4 state, oxides are acidic at the top becoming more basic as one goes down the Group.
Carbon exists in three allotropic forms, diamond, graphite and fullerenes.
Diamond and graphite have giant covalent structures. Carbon and silicon react with oxygen to form oxides.
Carbon dioxide, CO2 is a covalent gas, This is due carbon double bond oxygen ( O=C=O) as a result CO2 exists as discrete molecule whereas silicon oxide, SiO2, is a high melting point solid with a giant covalent structure. SiO2 is an extended network of SiO4 units in which the central silicon is covalently bonded to each of four oxygen atoms.
Carbon (C)-very common on earth's crust, fossil fuels, common compound material in living organisms. Pure forms diamonds and graphite. Carbons combined with hydrogen are called hydrocarbons fossil fuels and gas used to manufacture plastics as well as burning. If burned with limited supply of Oxygen the form CO, colourless, odourless poisonous gas.
Silicon (Si)-second most abundant on earth's crust as silicon oxide SiO2 .
Principal element in sand use to make glass, semiconductor for transistors and solar cells. Germanium, Tin and Lead. (Ge Sn Pb) Tin and lead the most common, Sn used for tin cans, Pb Latin for plumbum (plumber) used in their pipes for plumbing. Used today in batteries.
Ge used in electronics
Please do give your comments and 2morrow definately wider coverage and more details.
all the best
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