ALL THE TRIGNOMETRIC FORMULAS IN ONE PLACE

Blazing goIITian

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29 May 2008 11:35:31 IST
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29 May 2008 11:35:31 IST
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ALL THE TRIGNOMETRIC FORMULAS IN ONE PLACE

 

ALL THE TRIGNOMETRIC FORMULAS IN ONE PLACE


 























Triangle ABC is any triangle with side lengths a,b,c


Law of Cosines



Law of Sines



   









Trigonometric Formulas


 

 

Basic Relations









 

 

 

 


 

Laws






















Law of Sines

Law of Cosines
Radius of Inscribed Circle
Radius of Circumscribed Circle

 

Angle Sum Relations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 




 

Double Angle Relations

 

 

 

 

 

Multiple Angle Relations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Half Angle Relations

 

 

 

 

Production Relations

 

 

 

 

 

Sum and Difference Relations

 

 

 

 

 




 

Power Relations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adding Signals with the Same Frequency

 

or

            

where: 

   

 

Exponential Relations

 

where        

 

 

 

 


Angle addition formulas express trigonometric functions of sums of angles alpha+/-beta in terms of functions of alpha and beta. The fundamental formulas of angle addition in trigonometry are given by








































sin(alpha+beta) = sinalphacosbeta+sinbetacosalpha
(1)
sin(alpha-beta) = sinalphacosbeta-sinbetacosalpha
(2)
cos(alpha+beta) = cosalphacosbeta-sinalphasinbeta
(3)
cos(alpha-beta) = cosalphacosbeta+sinalphasinbeta
(4)
tan(alpha+beta) = (tanalpha+tanbeta)/(1-tanalphatanbeta)
(5)
tan(alpha-beta) = (tanalpha-tanbeta)/(1+tanalphatanbeta).
(6)

The first four of these are known as the prosthaphaeresis formulas, or sometimes as Simpson's formulas.

The sine and cosine angle addition identities can be compactly summarized by the matrix equation









 [cosalpha sinalpha; -sinalpha cosalpha][cosbeta sinbeta; -sinbeta cosbeta]=[cos(alpha+beta) sin(alpha+beta); -sin(alpha+beta) cos(alpha+beta)].
(7)

These formulas can be simply derived using complex exponentials and the Euler formula as follows.




























cos(alpha+beta)+isin(alpha+beta) = e^(i(alpha+beta))
(8)
= e^(ialpha)e^(ibeta)
(9)
= (cosalpha+isinalpha)(cosbeta+isinbeta)
(10)
= (cosalphacosbeta-sinalphasinbeta)+i(sinalphacosbeta+cosalphasinbeta).
(11)

Equating real and imaginary parts then gives (1) and (3), and (2) and (4) follow immediately by substituting -beta for beta.

Taking the ratio of (1) and (3) gives the tangent angle addition formula




























tan(alpha+beta) = (sin(alpha+beta))/(cos(alpha+beta))
(12)
= (sinalphacosbeta+sinbetacosalpha)/(cosalphacosbeta-sinalphasinbeta)
(13)
= ((sinalpha)/(cosalpha)+(sinbeta)/(cosbeta))/(1-(sinalphasinbeta)/(cosalphacosbeta))
(14)
= (tanalpha+tanbeta)/(1-tanalphatanbeta).
(15)

The double-angle formulas are


































sin(2alpha) = 2sinalphacosalpha
(16)
cos(2alpha) = cos^2alpha-sin^2alpha
(17)
= 2cos^2alpha-1
(18)
= 1-2sin^2alpha
(19)
tan(2alpha) = (2tanalpha)/(1-tan^2alpha).
(20)

Multiple-angle formulas are given by
















sin(nx) = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)cos^kxsin^(n-k)xsin[1/2(n-k)pi]
(21)
cos(nx) = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)cos^kxsin^(n-k)xcos[1/2(n-k)pi],
(22)

and can also be written using the recurrence relations






















sin(nx) = 2sin[(n-1)x]cosx-sin[(n-2)x]
(23)
cos(nx) = 2cos[(n-1)x]cosx-cos[(n-2)x]
(24)
tan(nx) = (tan[(n-1)x]+tanx)/(1-tan[(n-1)x]tanx).
(25)

TrigAnglesWeisstein

The angle addition formulas can also be derived purely algebraically without the use of complex numbers. Consider the small right triangle in the figure above, which gives
















a = (sinalpha)/(cos(alpha+beta))
(26)
b = sinalphatan(alpha+beta).
(27)

Now, the usual trigonometric definitions applied to the large right triangle give




























sin(alpha+beta) = (sinbeta+a)/(cosalpha+b)
(28)
= (sinbeta+(sinalpha)/(cos(alpha+beta)))/(cosalpha+sinalpha(sin(alpha+beta))/(cos(alpha+beta)))
(29)
cos(alpha+beta) = (cosbeta)/(cosalpha+b)
(30)
= (cosbeta)/(cosalpha+sinalpha(sin(alpha+beta))/(cos(alpha+beta))).
(31)

Solving these two equations simultaneously for the variables sin(alpha+beta) and cos(alpha+beta) then immediately gives
















sin(alpha+beta) = (cosalphasinalpha+cosbetasinbeta)/(cosalphacosbeta+sinalphasinbeta)
(32)
cos(alpha+beta) = (cos^2beta-sin^2alpha)/(cosalphacosbeta+sinalphasinbeta).
(33)

These can be put into the familiar forms with the aid of the trigonometric identities









 (cosalphacosbeta+sinalphasinbeta)(sinalphacosbeta+sinbetacosalpha)=cosbetasinbeta+cosalphasinalpha
(34)

and




























(cosalphacosbeta+sinalphasinbeta)(cosalphacosbeta-sinalphasinbeta) = cos^2alphacos^2beta-sin^2alphasin^2beta
(35)
= 1-sin^2alpha-sin^2beta
(36)
= cos^2alpha-sin^2beta
(37)
= cos^2beta-sin^2alpha,
(38)

which can be verified by direct multiplication. Plugging (?) into (?) and (38) into (?) then gives
















sin(alpha+beta) = sinalphacosbeta+sinbetacosalpha
(39)
cos(alpha+beta) = cosalphacosbeta-sinalphasinbeta,
(40)

as before.

TrigAdditionSmiley

A similar proof due to Smiley and Smiley uses the left figure above to obtain









 sinalpha=(sin(alpha+beta))/(cosbeta+(sinbetacosalpha)/(sinalpha)),
(41)

from which it follows that









 sin(alpha+beta)=sinalphacosbeta+sinbetacosalpha.
(42)

Similarly, from the right figure,









 (sinalpha)/(cosalpha)=(cosbeta)/(sinbeta+(cos(alpha+beta))/(sinalpha)),
(43)

so









 cos(alpha+beta)=cosalphacosbeta-sinalphasinbeta.
(44)

TrigSubtractionSmiley

Similar diagrams can be used to prove the angle subtraction formulas (Smiley 1999, Smiley and Smiley). In the figure at left,






















h = (cosalpha)/(cosbeta)
(45)
x = hsin(alpha-beta)
(46)
= (sinalpha-hsinbeta)cosalpha,
(47)

giving









 sin(alpha-beta)=sinalphacosbeta-cosalphasinbeta.
(48)

Similarly, in the figure at right,






















h = (cosalpha)/(sinbeta)
(49)
x = hcos(alpha-beta)
(50)
= (sinalpha+hcosbeta)cosalpha,
(51)

giving









 cos(alpha-beta)=cosalphacosbeta+sinalphasinbeta.
(52)

TanSubtractionRen

A more complex diagram can be used to obtain a proof from the tan(alpha-beta) identity (Ren 1999). In the above figure, let BF/BE=AD/DE. Then









 tan(alpha-beta)=(DE)/(BE)=(AD)/(BF)=(tanalpha-tanbeta)/(1+tanalphatanbeta).
(53)

An interesting identity relating the sum and difference tangent formulas is given by





















(tan(alpha-beta))/(tan(alpha+beta)) = (sin(alpha-beta)cos(alpha+beta))/(cos(alpha-beta)sin(alpha+beta))
(54)
= ((sinalphacosbeta-sinbetacosalpha)(cosalphacosbeta-sinalphasinbeta))/((cosalphacosbeta+sinalphasinbeta)(sinalphacosbeta+sinbetacosalpha))
(55)
= (sinalphacosalpha-sinbetacosbeta)/(sinalphacosalpha+sinbetacosbeta).

 

 

 

 


Formulas expressing trigonometric functions of an angle 2x in terms of functions of an angle x,


































sin(2x) = 2sinxcosx
(1)
cos(2x) = cos^2x-sin^2x
(2)
= 2cos^2x-1
(3)
= 1-2sin^2x
(4)
tan(2x) = (2tanx)/(1-tan^2x).
(5)

The corresponding hyperbolic function double-angle formulas are





















sinh(2x) = 2sinhxcoshx
(6)
cosh(2x) = 2cosh^2x-1
(7)
tanh(2x) = (2tanhx)/(1+tanh^2x).

 

 

 

 


Half-angle formulas and formulas expressing trigonometric functions of an angle x/2 in terms of functions of an angle x. For real x,














































sin(1/2x) = (-1)^(|_x/(2pi)_|)sqrt((1-cosx)/2)
(1)
cos(1/2x) = (-1)^(|_(x+pi)/(2pi)_|)sqrt((1+cosx)/2)
(2)
tan(1/2x) = (-1)^(|_x/pi_|)sqrt((1-cosx)/(1+cosx))
(3)
= (sinx)/(1+cosx)
(4)
= (1-cosx)/(sinx)
(5)
= (tanxsinx)/(tanx+sinx)
(6)
= ((-1)^(|_(x+pi/2)/pi_|)sqrt(1+tan^2x)-1)/(tanx).
(7)

The corresponding hyperbolic function half-angle formulas are



























sinh(1/2x) = sgn(x)sqrt((coshx-1)/2)
(8)
cosh(1/2x) = sqrt((coshx+1)/2)
(9)
tanh(1/2x) = (sinhx)/(coshx+1)
(10)
= (coshx-1)/(sinhx).


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Comments (16)


Blazing goIITian

Joined: 16 Mar 2008 12:29:41 IST
Posts: 1825
29 May 2008 11:56:01 IST
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PLS COMMENT

Blazing goIITian

Joined: 16 Mar 2008 12:29:41 IST
Posts: 1825
29 May 2008 15:58:49 IST
0 people liked this

pls comment

Hot goIITian

Joined: 15 May 2008 20:07:28 IST
Posts: 105
29 May 2008 16:38:28 IST
0 people liked this

It is really awesome.good job , Varun

Blazing goIITian

Joined: 17 May 2008 12:13:51 IST
Posts: 693
29 May 2008 17:03:43 IST
0 people liked this

WELL DONE....

New kid on the Block

Joined: 26 May 2008 21:03:14 IST
Posts: 23
29 May 2008 17:23:48 IST
0 people liked this

hey dude rly nice job... it has simplified my trigo revision much further. THX A LOT!

Blazing goIITian

Joined: 12 Apr 2008 21:35:13 IST
Posts: 2717
29 May 2008 21:19:59 IST
0 people liked this

good job

Blazing goIITian

Joined: 29 Sep 2007 12:50:52 IST
Posts: 973
30 May 2008 00:03:48 IST
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Awesome dude..................... :)

Blazing goIITian

Joined: 21 Feb 2008 11:22:37 IST
Posts: 340
30 May 2008 11:36:06 IST
0 people liked this

Well job!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Blazing goIITian

Joined: 11 Sep 2008 12:38:20 IST
Posts: 1159
16 Jan 2009 11:14:55 IST
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COPIED FROM............ SOURCE!!!!!!!!!

Scorching goIITian

Joined: 11 Jul 2008 21:26:04 IST
Posts: 290
16 Jan 2009 11:37:51 IST
0 people liked this

very usefull thnq

Blazing goIITian

Joined: 8 Oct 2008 23:24:02 IST
Posts: 498
17 Jan 2009 13:02:20 IST
0 people liked this

Gr8 article !!! Hats off 2 U.Awesome and just Mind blowing.This article is a gr8 help weak students in Trig .Well done !!!

Hot goIITian

Joined: 18 Dec 2008 00:54:01 IST
Posts: 129
17 Jan 2009 19:40:54 IST
0 people liked this

great article it is rally beneficial for all.............hey all rate it

Blazing goIITian

Joined: 21 Oct 2008 12:29:14 IST
Posts: 855
17 Jan 2009 22:12:48 IST
0 people liked this

superb.

Blazing goIITian

Joined: 17 Oct 2007 13:02:40 IST
Posts: 1659
18 Jan 2009 00:36:32 IST
0 people liked this

good work.

Scorching goIITian

Joined: 21 Aug 2008 11:37:43 IST
Posts: 292
18 Jan 2009 13:58:58 IST
0 people liked this

nice............

Hot goIITian

Joined: 18 Dec 2008 00:54:01 IST
Posts: 129
29 Jan 2009 09:47:14 IST
0 people liked this

VERY NICE COLLECTION THANKS



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