Electrostatics

elastiboysai

Hi Guyz,

Here's a checklist that mentions all the topics .

Hope it helps .

Best of luck!!

CLASS 12 CBSE CHECK LIST

UNIT	CHAPTER		CONTENTS
1	Electrostatics		Charging by friction basic idea, charge conservation quantisation Coloumb?s law statement and problems Multiple charges problems Continuous distribution basic idea Electric field: definition Electric lines of force properties (2 marks) Lines of force for some configurations Field due to a point charge and a system of charges ? problems Electric dipole: definition, vector nature Field on the axial and equatorial lines(3marks) Short dipole Torque on a dipole in a uniform field. Stable and unstable equilibrium (theory and problems)(2 marks) Electric potential: definition, potential due to a point charge, system of charges, problems Potential due to a dipole: axial, equatorial and at any point. Problems (3 marks) Potential energy due to a dipole in a uniform field- theory and problems (2 marks) Potential energy due to a system of two and three charges ? problems Gauss? law: statement and applications. Line charge, plane charge, two parallel planes and hollow sphere of charge (3 marks) Conductors and insulators: basic idea Distribution of charge on a conductor Capacity: definition Parallel plate capacitor: derive expression for capacity (2 marks) Energy in the electric field of a capacitor (3 marks) Energy density (theory and problems) Series and parallel combination (theory and problems) Dielectric polarization (1 or 2 marks) Polar and non-polar dielectrics: examples Effect of introduction of a dielectric slab into the gap between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor (3marks) Van de Graff generator (5 marks)
2	Current Electricity		Electric current: definition ? simple problems Ohm?s law ? problems (2 marks) Resistance and resistivity: definition and problems (2marks) Variation of resistance with temperature: graphical representation Problems (2marks) Mechanism of current flow in a metallic conductor: electron theory, derive I = neav_d, problems, derive ohm?s law from free electron theory (3marks) Problems and conceptual questions on drift velocity Conductivity and conductance Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors: graphical representation (V-I characterstics ? linear and non-linear) Drift velocity, mobility and current density ? definition and basic idea (2marks) Super conductivity: basic idea and applications. Graph (2 marks) Carbon resistors: color code, simple problems (2 marks) Series and parallel combination of resistors: problems Effective resistance of various networks (eg: cube)(2 or 3 marks) Internal resistance of a cell: basic idea, available/terminal p.d. Difference between p.d. and emf. Problems and factors on which internal resistance of a cell depends (2 marks) Kirchoff?s laws: statement and applications (2 or 3 marks) Wheatstone?s network ? theory and problems (3 marks) Wheatstone?s network ? its application for temperature measurements (3 marks) Metre bridge ? theory and problems (3 marks) Potentiometer principle: statement and derivation, problems Application to compare the emfs of two cells (3 marks) Application to find the internal resistance of a cell (3 marks) Electric power: definition and problems Joule?s law of heating: theory and problems
3	Magnetic effect of current and Magnetism		Oersted?s experiment ? current as a source of magnetic field Maxwell?s right hand clasp rule to find field direction Biot-Savart law: Circular coil-center (theory and problems) Circular coil-axis (theory and problems) Ampere?s circuital law: Applications: Straight long wire carrying current.(3 marks) Straight solenoid and toroidal solenoid (theory)(3 marks) Magnetic lorentz force: expression, trajectory for various angles between velocity and field (theory and problems)(3 marks) Show that work done by magnetic lorentz force is zero (theory) Behavior of a charge in electric and magnetic fields: A comparison (theory) Cyclotron: principle, construction, working, limitations and uses (5 marks) Force on a current carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field (theory and problems) (2 or 3 marks) Fleming?s left hand rule Force between two long straight, infinitely long current carrying conductors in vacuum (theory and problem)(3 marks) Force per unit length. Definition of the ?ampere? (1 mark) Torque on a current loop in a uniform magnetic field (theory) (2 marks) Moving coil galvanometer- principle, construction, working Current and voltage sensitivities (theory and problems)(3 marks) Conversion of a galvanometer into an ammeter and voltmeter Theory and problems (2 or 3 marks) Current loop as magnetic dipole, dipole moment of a current loop (2 marks) Magnetic moment of a revolving electron, gyro magnetic ratio (2 marks) Magnetic filed at a point on the axial and equatorial lines of a bar magnet (2 marks) Torque on a bar magnet in a uniform magnetic field (2 marks) Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid- qualitative idea Magnetic lines of force- properties (2 marks) Field lines due to a bar magnet Difference between electric and magnetic lines of force Earth?s magnetism. Magnetic elements at a place: declination, dip and B_h.Definition and problems Dia, para and Ferro magnetism: examples and properties (3 marks) Dependence on temperature and behavior in an external magnetic field Electromagnets and permanent magnets: examples and applications Steel and soft iron (2 marks) Electromagnets and factors affecting their strength.
UNIT	CHAPTER		CONTENT
6	Optics (Ray Optics)		Laws of reflection Spherical mirrors ? Mirror formula. Problems Laws of refraction Definition of refractive index Problems based on ₁?₂= ?₂/?₁ (2 marks) TIR, conditions for TIR, critical angle and problems (2 marks) Applications of TIR: optic fibers, TIR prisms, sparkling of diamonds, mirage (2 marks) Rotation of light rays by 90 and 180 degrees using TIR prisms Blue of sky: Raleigh?s scattering. Sunset and sunrise Refraction through a glass slab: theory and problems Refraction through multiple media: problems Refraction through a prism: i-d curve and prism formula (3 marks) derivation. Related problems Small angled prism: formula for deviation Dispersion and dispersive power. (Velocity of light and refractive index) Variation of refractive index with color of light. Refraction at a single spherical surface: 2 cases (3 marks) Rarer to denser and denser to rarer. Problems and theory Assumptions made in the above derivations and the sign convention used. (3 marks) Derive the lens makers? formula and apply in problems (5 marks) Derive lens formula (various cases)(3 marks) Magnification (m): definition and application in problems Power of a lens and application in problems( 2 marks) Combination of thin lenses: derive formula and apply in problems (3 marks) Real depth and apparent depth: theory and problems (2 marks) Normal shift-problems Optical Instruments: Definition of Magnifying Power (M) Difference between M and m Simple Microscope Compound Microscope (in each of these 2 cases) Refracting Telescope (a) Final Image at LDDV (Each 3 marks) (b) Final Image at Infinity (-Normal adjustment) Reflecting telescopes (2 marks) Advantages of reflecting over refracting telescopes (Resolving powers of telescope and microscope Definition, formula and problems)(2 marks) Human Eye: Image information and accommodation Eye defects and their corrections: Myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia and astigmatism
UNIT	CHAPTER		CONTENT
6	Wave Optics		Wave fronts-shapes for point and line sources.(2 marks) Huygen?s Principle: Construction of secondary wavefronts.(2 marks) Huygen?s explanation for reflection(3 marks) Huygen?s explanation for refraction(Snell?s law) (3 marks) Theory of interference: Path and phase difference, coherent sources and intensity ratio. Theory and problems(2 marks) Young?s double slit experiment: Theory, formula for fringe width, conditions to obtain broad, bright and stable interference pattern.( 3 marks) Fringe pattern when the set-up is immersed in a liquid. Interference with white light. Theory and problems( 3marks) Diffraction: Definition. Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit:(3 marks) Theory, problems and Fresnel?s distance Theory and problems Difference between interference and diffraction (2marks) Intensity pattern for interference and diffraction. Resolving power of telescope and microscope-definition and problems(2 marks) Polarisation: Definition Plane polarized light Polarisation by reflection: Brewster?s law- theory and problems(3 marks) Polaroids and their uses Uses of plane polarized light.(2 marks)
UNIT		CHAPTER		CONTENT
7		Dual Nature of matter and Radiation		Photoelectric Effect: Methods of producing electron emission (2 marks) Experimental study of photoelectric effect - Hertz and Lenard?s observations - Dependence on frequency, intensity and p.d. between the electrodes. (3 marks) - Definition of threshold frequency and Cut off potential (2 marks) - Graphical study (2 marks) Laws of photo emission (2marks) Properties of photon (2 marks) Einstein?s explanation for photoelectric effect (3 marks) Problems on Einstein?s equation and stopping potential (3 marks) Graphs of KE vs ? and V_ovs ? (2 marks) Photocells- construction and uses (2 marks) Matter waves: Derive de-Broglie wave equation (2 marks) Davisson and Germer experiment (3 marks)

UNIT	CHAPTER	CONTENT
4	EMI & AC	Faraday?s experiments (Basic idea). Faraday?s laws ? Statements (2marks) Need for displacement current Lenz?s law ? Lenz?s law and energy conservation (2 marks) Sign convention for laws of EMI ? problems (2 marks) Methods of producing Induced emf -Changing magnetic field ? problems (2 marks) -Change in area ? Motional emf ? theory and problems (2 marks) -Change in orientation of coil ? theory and problems (3marks) AC Generator ? theory and problems (3 marks) Self induction -Theory, problems, defns of self induction, inductance and the SI unit of self inductance (the henry)(2 or 3 marks) Expression for the self inductance of a long solenoidal coil Mutual Induction -Theory, problems, defns of mutual induction, mutual inductance and the SI unit of mutual inductance (the henry). (2 or 3 marks) Expression for the mutual inductance of a pair of closely wound coils Eddy currents- basic idea and applications (2 marks) Transformer (3 marks) -Principle, construction, theory, working and problems Transformer efficiency. Power losses in a transformer Power transmission ? problems (3 marks) Current carrying inductor -Energy and energy density (2 marks)-Theory and problems AC currents- basic idea. Definitions of mean and rms values and formulae ?problems (2 marks) Domestic power supply- basic idea LC oscillations ? Theory and problems (3 marks) Qualitative treatment only AC emf applied to a - pure resistance(2 marks) - pure inductor(3 marks) theory and problems - pure capacitor(3 marks) theory and problems Graphical study, phasor diagrams, reactance and problems LCR series circuit (3 or 5 marks) - phasor diagram - effective voltage - impedence - phase relation - Q factor - Resonance - Frequency response curve - Power in a AC circuit - Wattles currents - Applications - Theory and problems
UNIT	CHAPTER	CONTENT
8	Atomic Nucleus	Alpha particle experiment: Experimental details (2 marks) Scattering formula, impact parameter (2 marks) Distance of closest approach, Size of the nucleus(2 marks) Simple problems Bohr?s theory of Hydrogen and hydrogen like systems Hydrogen spectrum Nuclear radius-empirical formula R = R_oA^1/3 ? problems (2 marks) Composition of the nucleus- neutrons and protons, their mass and charge. Nuclear density.(2 marks) Atomic mass unit (amu) Einstein?s relation E = mc². Energy equivalent of 1 amu. Mass defect and Binding energy. (3 marks) Theory and problems BE/A vs A graph and explanation (Binding Energy curve)(3 marks) Explanation for fission and fusion based on the BE curve Nature of nuclear forces. Nuclear fission ? basic idea and problems (3 marks) Nuclear fusion ? basic idea and problems(3 marks) Radio activity: Laws of radioactivity. Group displacement law and decay law.(3 marks) Half life and mean life. Problems (2/3 marks) Simple explanation for ?, ? and ? decay.(2 marks)

UNIT	CHAPTER	CONTENT
9	Solids and Semiconductor devices	Energy bands in solids-Qualitative idea, Band picture of solids Classification of solids as conductors, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of the band diagram (3marks) Instrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- Lattice structure, conductivity, effect of temperature. Concept of holes.(2/3 marks) Differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (2 marks) P-type and N-type semiconductors- differences, band diagram and examples. (1/2 marks) PN junction diode. Depletion region, Internal potential barrier (2 marks) Problems on barrier potential.(2 marks) Diode under Forward and Reverse bias-problems (2 marks) Diode characteristics, circuit diagram and problems on static and dynamic resistance.(2 marks) Application of a diode as a Rectifier- Half wave and Full wave (3 marks) Principle, construction, Circuit, working and I/O graphs Problems Solar cell, Photo diode, solar cell, LED and its V-I characterestics, Zener diode as a voltage regulator. (2 marks) Transistor- Construction, doping and biasing rules. Types of transistors ? PNP and NPN Working of a transistor (3 marks) Modes of transistor configuration- CB, CE and CC mode Transistor characteristics ? CB and CE modes (3 marks) Circuit, Definitions of various characteristics, graphs, problems Transistor amplifier-CE mode (3 marks) Circuit, working, I/O phase relation, Frequency response curve Definitions for current gain, voltage gain, power gain, transconductance-problems Transistor oscillator-circuit and working (3 marks) Logic Gates: AND, OR and NOT gates- Their realization using diodes and transistors (2 marks) Truth table, Boolean expression, explanation and logic symbol. NAND and NOR as Universal gates. (2 marks) Logic gates ? combination Transistor as a switch

UNIT

CHAPTER

CONTENT

10

Principles of communication

Elements of communication system (block diagram only)

Band width of signals (speech, TV and digital data

Band width of a transmission medium

Analog and Digital Communication- Basic idea

Basic units of a communication system
Types of communication systems

Need for Modulation

Production and detection of AM wave

Communication Channels

Space communication
Sky wave communication

Satellite communication

Height of antenna and range of transmission- problems

Propagation of EM waves in the atmosphere

Applications in remote sensing

UNIT

CHAPTER

CONTENT

5

EM waves

EM waves:

Basic idea

Maxwell?s equations

Ampere?s law and its modification

Need for the concept of ?displacement current?

Characteristics of EM waves (qualitative ideas only)

Hertz?s experiment to produce and detect EM waves and to show their transverse nature.

EM spectrum: RW, MW, IR, VISIBLE, UV, X, ? rays- uses.

Propagation of EM waves through the atmosphere.

Simple problems (Text problems will do)

Community Contributions - Articles by goIITians

Electrostatics

CONTENT

Laws of refraction

Definition of refractive index

Simple Microscope

CONTENT

Wave Optics

Difference between interference and diffraction (2marks)

CONTENT

Experimental study of photoelectric effect

CONTENT

Methods of producing Induced emf

Self induction

Mutual Induction

LCR series circuit (3 or 5 marks)

CONTENT

CONTENT

CONTENT

Need for Modulation

Production and detection of AM wave

Communication Channels

Propagation of EM waves in the atmosphere

CONTENT

Maxwell?s equations

Characteristics of EM waves (qualitative ideas only)