E-StoreHow are coordination compounds named?
How are coordination compounds named?
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Often, several groups of the ligand are involved in a complex. The number of ligand molecules per complex is indicated by a Greek prefix: mono-, di- (or bis), tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa, hepta-, octa-, nona-, (ennea-), deca- etc for 1, 2, 3, ... 10 etc. If the names of ligands already have one of these prefixes, the names are placed in parentheses. The prefices for the number of ligands become bis-, tris-, tetrakis, pentakis- etc.
For neutral ligands, their names are not changed, except the following few:
NH3, ammine (not two m's, amine is for organic compounds)
CO, carbonyl
NO, nitrosyl
NH2CH2CH2NH2, ethylenediamine
C5H4N-C5H4N, dipyridyl
P(C6H5)3, triphenylphosphine
NH2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2, diethylenetriamine
OH-, hydroxide -> hydroxo
O2-, oxide -> oxo
O2- peroxide, -> peroxo
CN-, cyanide -> cyano
N3-, azide -> axido
N3-, nitride -> nitrido
NH2-, amide -> amido
CO32-, carbonate -> carbonato
-ONO2-, nitrate -> nitrato (when bonded through O)
-NO3-, nitrate -> nitro (when bonded through N)
S2-, sulfide -> sulfido
SCN-, thiocyanate -> thiocyanato-S
NCS-, thiocyanate -> thiocyanato-N
-(CH2-N(CH2COO-)2)2, ethylenediaminetetraacetato (EDTA)
The names of complexes start with the ligands, the anionic ones first, followed with neutral ligands and the metal. If the complex is negative, the name ends with "ate". At the very end are some Roman numerals representing the oxidation state of the metal.
To give and remember all rules of nomenclature are hard to do. Pay attention to the names whenever you encounter any complexes is the way to learn.
[Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl, Dichlorotetraaquochromium(III) chloride
K[PtCl3NH3], Potassiumtrichloroammineplatinate(II)
PtCl2(NH3)2, Dichlorodiammineplatinum
Co(en)3Cl3, tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)chloride
Ni(PF3)4, tetrakis(phosphorus(III)fluoride)nickel(0)
A bridgin ligand is indicated by placing a m- before its name. The m- should be repeated for every bridging ligand. For example,
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