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Mechanics

Weight (force of gravity) decreases as you move away from the earth by distance squared.
Mass and inertia are the same thing.
Constant velocity and zero velocity means the net force is zero and acceleration is zero.
Weight (in newtons) is mass x acceleration (w = mg). Mass is not weight!
Velocity, displacement [s], momentum, force and acceleration are vectors.
Speed, distance [d], time, and energy (joules) are scalar quantities.
The slope of the velocity-time graph is acceleration.
At zero (0) degrees two vectors have a resultant equal to their sum. At 180 degrees two vectors have a resultant equal to their difference. From the difference to the sum is the total range of possible resultants.
Centripetal force and centripetal acceleration vectors are toward the center of the circle- while the velocity vector is tangent to the circle.
An unbalanced force (object not in equilibrium) must produce acceleration.
The slope of the distance-tine graph is velocity.
The equilibrant force is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the resultant vector.
Momentum is conserved in all collision systems.
Magnitude is a term use to state how large a vector quantity is.

Energy
Mechanical energy is the sum of the potential and kinetic energy.
Units: a = [m/sec²], F = [kg?m/sec²] (newton), work = pe= ke = [kg?m^²/sec²] (joule)
An ev is an energy unit equal to 1.6 x 10^-19 joules
Gravitational potential energy increases as height increases.
Kinetic energy changes only if velocity changes.
Mechanical energy (pe + ke) does not change for a free falling mass or a swinging pendulum. (when ignoring air friction)
The units for power are [joules/sec] or the rate of change of energy.

Electricity
A coulomb is charge, an amp is current [coulomb/sec] and a volt is potential difference [joule/coulomb].
Short fat cold wires make the best conductors.
Electrons and protons have equal amounts of charge (1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs each).
Adding a resistor in parallel decreases the total resistance of a circuit.
Adding a resistor in series increases the total resistance of a circuit.
All resistors in series have equal current (I).
All resistors in parallel have equal voltage (V).
If two charged spheres touch each other add the charges and divide by two to find the final charge on each sphere.
Insulators contain no free electrons.
Ionized gases conduct electric current using positive ions, negative ions and electrons.
Electric fields all point in the direction of the force on a positive test charge.
Electric fields between two parallel plates are uniform in strength except at the edges.
Millikan determined the charge on a single electron using his famous oil-drop experiment.
All charge changes result from the movement of electrons not protons (an object becomes positive by losing electrons)

Magnetism
The direction of a magnetic field is defined by the direction a compass needle points.
Magnetic fields point from the north to the south outside the magnet and south to north inside the magnet.
Magnetic flux is measured in webers.
Left hands are for negative charges and right hands are for positive charges.
The first hand rule deals with the B-field around a current bearing wire, the third hand rule looks at the force on charges moving in a B-field, and the second hand rule is redundant.
Solenoids are stronger with more current or more wire turns or adding a soft iron core.

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