OPTICAL ISOMERISM

 

1. A carbon atom is known as chiral or asymmetric carbon if it is bonded to four different atoms or groups

 

2. A compound is known to b optically active if it  can rotate the plane of polarised light either towards left (leavorotatory) or roght (dextrorotatory)

 

3. If a compound is chiral i.e. it is not superimposable on its mirror image then it will b optically active

 

4. If a compound contains just one chiral carbon atom then it must b chiral i.e. it is not superimposable on its mirror image n therefore it is optically active

 

5. A compound conyaining just one chiral carbon atom  exist in 2 optical isomers.These isomers r non superimposable on each other.Both isomers r optically active, one of them is dextrorotatory n other leavorotatory.

 

6. The isomres hich have non superimposable mirror image relationship b/w them r known as enantiomers.

 

7. The equimolar mixture of enantiomers is optically inactive n such mix. is called racemic mix.

 

8. A compound containing two or more chiral carbons atoms ,my or may not b chiral

 

9.A compound containing two chiral carbon atoms (i.e. optically inactive) if it possess plane of symmetry.

 

10. The stereoisomers which r not mirror images of each other r called diastereomers.Diastereomers may b optically active or not r diastereomers, one of them is optically inactive(mesoisomer) n other is optically active.

 

11. Two n only two configuration r possible about a chiral carbon atom.

 

12. Whenever a chiral atom is generated in a chemical rxn.,both the configuration about tht chiral carbon atoms r formed.

 

13. Enantiomers r formed in equal amounts

 

14. If the reactant is optically inactive then the product must b optically inactive

 

15. Diasteromers r formed in unequal amounts.

 

16. If during a rxn. the bond associated with chiral atom is not broken then whatever b the mechanism of rxn. the configuraion about that chiral atom is retained i.e. not altered.

 

17. Since isomers have identical physical properties therefore these cannot b seperates by physicals methods while diastereomers can b seperated by physicals methods on account of difference in physical properties like melting point, boiling point,solubility etc.

 

18. A racemic mixture can b resolved i.e. the optically active components of the racemic mixture can b seperated by a special method known as a method of resolution

 

 

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