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Community Contributions - Articles by goIITians
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| Reducing Agents (can be very important for conversions) |
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Overview of Reducing Agents The following table summarizes the influence each of the reducing systems discussed above has on the different classes of carboxylic acid derivatives. Note that LAH is the strongest reducing agent listed, and it reduces all the substrates. In a similar sense, acyl chlorides are the most reactive substrate. They are reduced by all the reagents, but only a few of these provide synthetically useful transformations. Function
Reagent | Aldehydes
& Ketones | Carboxylic
Acids | Carboxylic
Esters | Acyl
Chlorides | Amides | Nitriles | | H2
& catalyst | alcohols
( slow, Pt, Pd ) | (v. slow) | (v. slow) | aldehydes
( Pd/BaSO4 ) | (v. slow) | amines
( Ni cat. ) | | NaBH4
polar solvent | alcohols | N.R. | alcohols
(slow) | complex
mixture | N.R. | N.R. | | LiAlH4
ether or THF | alcohols | 1º-alcohol | alcohols | 1º-alcohol | amines | 1º-amine | | LiAlH(Ot-Bu)3
1 eq. in THF | alcohols
(slow at 0º) | N.R. | v. slow | aldehyde
(-78 º C) | aldehyde
(-78 º C) | aldehyde
(0 º C) | | (iso-Bu)2AlH
1 eq. in toluene | alcohols | 1º-alcohol | aldehyde
(-78º C) | 1º-alcohol | aldehyde
(-78 º C) | aldehyde
(-78 º C) | | B2H6
THF | alcohols
(slow) | 1º-alcohol | (v. slow) | complex
mixture | 1º-amine | 1º-amine | | Color Code | | Reduction occurs readily under normal conditions of temperature and pressure. | | Reduction occurs readily, but selectivity requires low temperature. | | Slow reduction occurs. Heating and/or high pressures of hydrogen are needed for effective use. | | Reduction occurs very slowly or not at all (N.R.). |
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About the Author:
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this article: 40 points
(with 6 
in 11 votes ) [?]
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(posted on 24 Jun 2007 23:13:53 IST)
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| plzzzzz post ur comments and rates!!!!!!!!! |
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(posted on 25 Jun 2007 16:34:06 IST)
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| gud job............................................ |
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(posted on 9 Jul 2007 16:04:21 IST)
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| Quite good for doing Phd in reduction techniques. But For JEE please make something more basic and fundamental |
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(posted on 11 Jul 2007 21:38:05 IST)
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| cmon yaar its very basic and fundamental |
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(posted on 11 Jul 2007 21:47:10 IST)
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good research
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(posted on 11 Jul 2007 22:33:36 IST)
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| good work yaar |
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(posted on 12 Jul 2007 09:30:26 IST)
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good presentation!!!!!
if u want the basic version of above table then
refer to arihant organic chemistry |
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(posted on 12 Jul 2007 11:48:34 IST)
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| gud job |
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(posted on 13 Jul 2007 21:36:46 IST)
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nice1
goodddddddd |
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(posted on 13 Jul 2007 21:43:56 IST)
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| nice work....keep it up..... |
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