Second Law of Thermodynamics: It is impossible to extract an amount of heat Q
H from a hot reservoir and use it all to do work W . Some amount of heat Q
C must be exhausted to a cold reservoir. This precludes a perfect
heat engine.
This is sometimes called the "first form" of the second law, and is referred to as the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law.
Second Law: Refrigerator
Second Law of Thermodynamics: It is not possible for
heat to flow from a colder body to a warmer body without any
work having been done to accomplish this flow. Energy will not flow spontaneously from a low
temperature object to a higher temperature object. This precludes a perfect
refrigerator. The statements about refrigerators apply to air conditioners and
heat pumps, which embody the same principles.
This is the "second form" or Clausius statement of the second law.
Second Law: Entropy
Second Law of Thermodynamics: In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same.
| Entropy: | a state variable whose change is defined for a reversible process at T where Q is the heat absorbed. |  |
| Entropy: | a measure of the amount of energy which is unavailable to do work. |
| Entropy: | a measure of the disorder of a system. |
| Entropy: | a measure of the multiplicity of a system. |
Since entropy gives information about the evolution of an isolated system with time, it is said to give us the direction of "
time's arrow" . If snapshots of a system at two different times shows one state which is more disordered, then it could be implied that this state came later in time. For an isolated system, the natural course of events takes the system to a more disordered (higher entropy) state
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