E-Storesome reducing agents useful for IIT aspirants
Some Reducers:
1.Lithium aluminium hydride & ether(LAH):reduces ALDEHYDES & KETONES to corrosponding alcohols.For CARBOXILIC ACIDS use LAH & then hydrolyse to get corrosponding alcohol.LAH also reduces nitro group to amino(it can convert nitrobenzene into aniline).It does not affect the multiple bonds in a carbonyl compound.LAH can also reduce esters.it reduces 1 degree & 2 degree alkyl halides to alkene.
2.9-BBN:reduces ALDEHYDES & KETONES to corrosponding alcohols.It does not affect the multiple bonds in a carbonyl compound.
3.Sodium borohydride:reduces ALDEHYDES & KETONES to corrosponding alcohols.Also reduces multiple bonds in conjugation with carbonyl.itcannot reduce nitro group to amino(it cannot convert nitrobenzene into aniline).it also cannot also reduce esters.it reduces 2 degree & 3 degree alkyl halides to alkene.
4.Wilkinsons catalyst:it only reduces multiple bonds , no affect on carbonyl.
5.Hydrogen gas & Nickle/Pd/Pt:reduces carbonyl as well as the double bonds.
6.Red phosphorus & HI:reduces carboxilic acids,carbonyls,acid chlorides,amidesand alcohols to alkane.
7.Triphenyl tin halide/Tri-isobutyl tin halide:reduce 1,2 & 3 degree alkyl halides to alkene.
8.Aluminium iso propoxide in isoproryl alcohol(also called MPV reduction):specifically used to convert 2 degree alcohols to ketone.
9.Stephan reduction(Stannous chloride & HCl,then hydrolysis):converts alkyl cyanide into aldehyde.
10.DIBAL-H(di-isobutyl aluminium hydride):converts aliphatic as well as aromatic cyanide into imine,which on hydrolysis gives aldehyde.also reduces acid chloride to aldehyde.it can also reduce ester into it's constituent alcohol & aldehyde.
11.Rosenmund reduction(REAGENT 1:Hydrogen gas in Pd,barium sulahate,xylene,quinoline/sulphur or REAGENT 2:Tritertiary butoxy lithium aluminium hydride):reduces acid chloride to aldehyde.
12.Sulphuric acid(conc.) @ 443K or Corundum @ 623K:converts 1 degree alcohol to alkene.
13.Cu @ 300K:converts 3 degree alcohol to alkene.
14.Bouveault-Blanc reduction([H]with Na in ethanol):reduces ALDEHYDES & KETONES to corrosponding alcohols.
15.MnO & heat:converts CARBOXILIC ACID into corrosponding KETONE.
16.Zn,HCl:reduces ALDEHYDES & KETONES to corrosponding alcohols.
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