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A data structure is a way of storing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. It is an organization of mathematical and logical concepts of data. Often a carefully chosen data structure will allow the most efficient algorithem to be used. The choice of the data structure often begins from the choice of an abstarct data types. A well-designed data structure allows a variety of critical operations to be performed, using as few resources, both execution time and memory space, as possible. Data structures are implemented as data types and the refernces and operations they provide.
Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to certain tasks. For example, b tree are particularly well-suited for implementation of databases, while networks of machines rely on routing tables to function.
In the design of many types of programs, the choice of data structures is a primary design consideration, as experience in building large systems has shown that the difficulty of implementation and the quality and performance of the final result depends heavily on choosing the best data structure. After the data structures are chosen, the algo. to be used often become relatively obvious. Sometimes things work in the opposite direction — data structures are chosen because certain key tasks have algorithms that work best with particular data structures. In either case, the choice of appropriate data structures is crucial.
This insight has given rise to many formalised design methods and PL in which data structures, rather than algorithms, are the key organising factor. Most feature some sort of module system, allowing data structures to be safely reused in different applications by hiding their verified implementation details behind controlled interfaces.
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Data Structure is the way to store data in such a way that makes it effecient to use. The choice of data structure depends on the application. Which data sturcture are you looking to be more specific?