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Drift Velocity
The drift velocity
in an electric field is given by
where
is typically arranged to be of the order of 
. In the presence of a magnetic field B, the drift velocity is reduced, and the drift direction is no longer along the electric field. The apparent drift velocity is
where 
is the drift angle given by
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hi The drift speed can be expressed in terms of the accelerating electric field E, the electron mass, and the characteristic time between collisions. from the fact that an applied electric field superimposes a small drift velocity on the free electrons in a metal. For ordinary currents, this drift velocity is on the order of millimeters per second in contrast to the speeds of the electrons themselves which are on the order of a million meters per second. Even the electron speeds are themselves small compared to the speed of transmission of an electrical signal down a wire, which is on the order of the speed of light, 300 million meters per second 
A microscopic view suggests that this proportionality comes
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