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The ballpoint pen operates on a fairly simple principle. The ink for the pen is held inside a cartridge within the pen. At the tip of the pen, a ball bearing is seated inside a socket. The ball bearing picks up ink from the cartridge to write with while also acting as a seal to keep the ink from escaping. Ballpoint pens use a thick quick drying ink so that writers will not inadvertently smear their work, and the ball bearing also keeps the ink inside the cartridge moist so that it will not clog the pen.
Differences b/w Ballpoint and fountain pen
A ballpoint pen is a type of writing implement invented in 1938 by Laszlo Biro. The ballpoint pen represented a significant improvement over fountain pens, which had a tendency to leak and could also fail at high altitudes. Biro's invention was widely used throughout the Second World War, and has come to be a common product in most households around the world, thanks to cheap manufacturing processes which make ballpoint pens readily affordable.
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A fountain pen is a nib pen that, unlike its predecessor the dip pen, contains an internal reservoir of water-based liquid ink. From the reservoir, the ink is drawn through a feed to the nib and then to the paper via a combination of gravity and capillary action. As a result, the typical fountain pen requires little or no pressure to write.