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Organic Chemistry
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the correct order is o- > m- > p- . Note that o- is stronger than benzoic acid, but rest two are weaker than it. o- group is stronger due to more stable carboxylate ion which is due to resonance aided by intramolecular H-bonding(ortho effect).
Now, when u draw the resonance structures of the carboxylate ion u will find that the o- and p- positions are electron deficient with respect to the p- position due to resonance. Presence of a methyl group will have +I effect and hence reduce the electropositivity of the carbon atom at the p- postion. This will hinder the process of resonance and the corresponding ion becomes less stable. in case of o- position this effect is more than neutralised by ortho-effect.
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i think the order should be (1)p(2)m(3)p bcoz the ch3- group increases the electron on the benzene ring and ultimately electron density increases on the oxygen from which h is lost and carboxylate ion is destablised.as the + inductive effect decreases with increasing size so ortho one is most destablised.do correct me if i am wrong.