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Organic Chemistry

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12 Mar 2010 18:13:53 IST

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what are the three laws of thermodynamics

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what are the three laws of thermodynamics

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Dasvidaniya

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12 Mar 2010 18:16:56 IST

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1)First law. In any process, the total energy of the universe remains the same. This is the law that states that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

2) Second law. The entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time, approaching a maximum value at equilibrium. The key words are "isolated" and "system". This law applies for systems that do not exchange energy or information with the outside world. It may not apply for microscopic particles.

3) Third law. As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a constant minimum.

edison

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28 Jun 2010 13:21:17 IST

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First law of thermodynamics, about the conservation of energy:

The change in the internal energy of a closed thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the amount of heat energy supplied to or removed from the system and the work done on or by the system. So, we can say (1) "Energy is neither created nor destroyed" and (2) "There is no free lunch."

Second law of thermodynamics, about entropy:

The total entropy of any isolated thermodynamic system always increases over time, approaching a maximum value or we can say, "In an isolated system, the entropy never decreases". Another way to phrase this: Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder location to a hotter area - work is required to achieve this.

Third law of thermodynamics, about the absolute zero of temperature:

As a system asymptotically approaches absolute zero of temperature all processes virtually cease and the entropy of the system asymptotically approaches a minimum value; also stated as: "the entropy of all systems and of all states of a system is smallest at absolute zero" or equivalently "it is impossible to reach the absolute zero of temperature by any finite number of processes". Absolute zero, at which all activity would stop if it were possible to happen, is −273.15 °C (degrees Celsius), or −459.67 °F (degrees Fahrenheit) or 0 K (kelvins, formerly sometimes degrees absolute).

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