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Thermal Physics
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water has the max density at 4 degs... obviusly denser substances tend to go down compared to rarer (les dense in comparision) substances.. so frm abt normal cold temps..say around 10 degs ...when water cools down it tends to 'sink'..it dusn sink but due to convektion curents..the coold water goes down and water which is rares come up... this way it continues till the whole pond is at 4degs.. after that.. the convektion stops..and on further cooling..no doubt tht the density deks as still temp dec..even the water dusn move also now that its rarer than the 4 degree water... so the top layer freezes... and since ice is a bad conduktor..it prevents the quick freezing of lower layers(in comp with the tym taken for the uper layers to freeze after the whole pond is at 4degs) so it apears it freezes frm top to bottom...











