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Trignometry

Hari Shankar's Avatar
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11 Mar 2008 10:10:47 IST
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Nice One
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Saw this problem (and its solution ) somewhere
Suppose tan = p/q, where p, q are integers, then prove that the number tan, such that tan2 = tan3 is rational iff p2+q2 is a perfect square.


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anchit saini's Avatar

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11 Mar 2008 10:25:23 IST
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2 tan beta / ( 1 - tan2 beta)  =(3 tan alpha  - tan3alpha) / ( 1- 3 tan2 alpha )
                             
                              =(3pq2 - p3) / (q3- 3 p2q)     (on solving)

2 tan beta (q3- 3 p2q) = ( 1 - tan2 beta)(3pq2 - p3)

on solving this gives---

tan2 beta( p3- 3pq2) + tan beta ( 6 p2q- 2q3) + (3pq2 - p3) =0

its Discriminant is--

( 6 p2q- 2q3) 2 - 4( p3- 3pq2)(3pq2 - p3)
= 4((3p2q - q3)2  + 4( p3- 3pq2)2

=4  (q2(9p4 + q4 - 6p2q2) +  p2(p4 + 9q4 - 6p2q2))

=4 ( 9p4q2 + q6 - 6p2q4 + p6 + 9q4p2 -6p4q2)

=4 ( p6 + q6  + 3p2q2(p2+q2))

=4((p2+q2) (p4+q4 + 2p2q2)
        
[on expanding p^6+q^6 as (p^2)^3 +(q^2)^3 ]


=(2(p2+q2))2(p2+q2)

hence

tan beta would be rational if D is a perfect square which is possible if
(p2+q2) is a perfect square

anchit saini's Avatar

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11 Mar 2008 10:59:59 IST
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sir check the above
Hari Shankar's Avatar

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11 Mar 2008 11:06:31 IST
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very nice work, anchit
 
The "official" solution used the same idea as Anchit's but simplified substantially. This is not to take credit away from Anchit, his is really a great effort, kudos.
 
tan is rational iff tan is rational where  = - and 2 =
 
This means tan2 is rational.
 
tan2 = 2tan/(1-tan2) = p/q
 
Hence ptan2 + 2qtan - p =0
 
Tan is therefore rational if D = 4(p2+q2) is a perfect square which means p2+q2 is a perfect square



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