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any group which attrect electron less strongly than hydrogen have +I effect.due to very less electronegativity of sp3 carbon atom these have +Ieffect.
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maximum reactive is methoxybenzene than toluene than benzene and last chlorobenzene.actully this is based on activating and deactivating groups of aromatic chemisry.grps which have +M effect r more reactive than grps with -Meffect becatuse they create negative charge on bengene ring and give activation to electrophile.if phenol is there it is more reactive.
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A process in which no heat change,in this process temperature of syestem changes.q=0,so work is done at expense of the internal energy of syestem.if work done by the syestem the internal energyfalls and temperature decrases.
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in halogenation of alkanes reactivity of halogen is F2>Cl2>Br2>I2,florine reacts at maximum rate even in dark reaction is highly exotermic.clorine cannot reacts with alkanes in dark.but remember selectivity of bromine is highest.
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to develop ur organic chemistry skill u go in deep study of reaction mechanism this will improve ur confidance .
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this reaction is known as benzoin condensation where reaction with alcoholic KCN takes place.formation of benzoin takes placeC6H5CHOHCOC6H5,if undergofurther oxidation to form benzil.C6H5COCOC6H5.in rection formation of carbanion takes place with proton exchange.
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d orbitals r of five type with double dumble geometry for example dx2-y2 both doumble at x and y axis ,other is dxy,yz,zx both doumble at 45 degree angle of given axis and absent axis.last one is dz2 where one domble at z axis while other one is eleptical so only two lobes.f orbital is highly diffused in shape so complex in geometry.
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these r extaly as benzene because nepthalene is two benzene ring fuse togather while phenthersene is three ring anguler fusing.they have also equal c-c bond length.here i cant draw structure.
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boy this is purely theoretical problem so u take a ref. from some good book on stereochemistry like kalsi,finar,solomons etc dont waste time this is only defination not big concept,concentrate on concept for iit jee2007
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ya it is very good question actully in case of carbocation there is positive charge so more electrophilic character in carbon which attrect hydride or alkyl negative group so there is process of rearrangement but in case of free radical these r neutral so high energy is required for rearrangement.in free radical there is resonance but no rearregement.
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here we know that benzene is more stable because resonance but in many alicyclic compound u apply bayer strain th cyclo propane in maximum strain while cyclohexane is maximum stable.u read my theory notes on goiit site chapter alkadienes and cycloalkanes.
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i think this is reaction of activated aromatic nucleus with N-methylformanilide to give formylated product.in my view both cant give this reaction.u first tell me some refrence than i give detail answer
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organic chemistry is not ratta type subject u must concentrate on concept,it always stabilises in ur mind.these all r very important reaction of organic.
For iit jee u think about mechanism.in my book these all r very nice u study it.
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This is due to ortho effect because any group present at ortho position inhibit resonance of benzoic acid outside so increases acidic nature.Ortho nitro benzoic acid is more acidic than para.
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Major factor for stability is resonance,geometry,hyper conjugation and steric effect all apply according to case.for example in cyclopropane and cyclobutane propane is less stable due to molecular strain while in benzene and cyclohexane,benzene is more stable due to delocalization of electron[resonance].
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The other name is sodium hydrogen sulphite. It is most versatile reagent for separation of carbonyl with noncarbonyl. Other reagent is breadys reagent [2,4-dinitro phynyl hydrazine], other name of NaHSO3 is sodium per sulphite.
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most of the gem glycols are unstable they remove water to form
carbonyl compound.some glycol are stable due to intra moleculer
[chelation] hydrogen bonding for example chlorel
hydrate[CCl3CH[OH]2],other is ninhydrin.
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here product is MgO and SO3 where SO3 further breaks down into SO2 and
O2.always remember only FeSO4 on heating gives both SO3 and SO2 with
red ferric oxide.
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b.p mainly depends upon moleculer mass and polarty.in case of
alkanes polarity is no where so only venderwals forces is there which
depends upon surface area,as the surface area decreses bp also
decreses so isobutane is more spherical than normal butane so bp is
less.other ex is less b.p of neopentane than nor pentane.
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alkane m.p mainly depands upon molecular mass and moleculer symetry
for example m.p of neopentane is more than normal pentane due to more
symetry.here application of saw tooth rule taken place.when there is
jump frm odd to even no of carbon atom there is increase in molecular
mass and symetry also so m.p increases.when we go go even to odd mass
increases but symetry decreses so not high jump.but remember in case
of carboxyllic acid melting point of even number low mass is high
thanodd number high mass.
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