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Permittivity is a physical quantity that describes how an electric field affects and is affected by a dielectic medium, and is determined by the ability of a material to polarize in response to the field, and thereby reduce the total electric field inside the material. Thus, permittivity relates to a material's ability to transmit (or "permit") an electric field.
The electric susceptibility ?e of a dielectic material is a measure of how easily it polarizes in response to an electric field.. This, in turn, determines the electric permittivity of the material and thus influences many other phenomena in that medium, from the capacitance of capacitors to the speed of light.It is defined as the constant of proportionality (which may be a tensor) relating an electric field E to the induced dielectic polarisation density P such that
where
is the electric permittivity of free space.
The susceptibility of a medium is related to its relative permittivity
by
So in the case of a vacuum,
The electric displacement D is related to the polarization density P by
permeability is the degree of magnetization of a material that responds linearly to an applied magnetic field. Magnetic permeability is represented by the Greek letter
. The term was coined in September, 1885 by Oliver Heaviside.
In SI units, permeability is measured in Henry per metre, or newton per ampere squared. The constant value ?0 is known as the magnetic constant or the permeability of vacuum, and has the exact or defined value ?0 = 4?×10?7 N·A?2.
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