FOR EXAMPLE,
f(x)=x2-4x+6
On differentiating you get: f'(x)=2x-4
now on equating to 0,x=2.
Now 2 divides the number line in two intervals (-infinity,2) and (2,infinity)
In the first interval f'(x)<0.Therefore the function is decreasing in (-infinity,2) and for x>2,f'(x)>0,therefore it is increasing in (2,infinity)
If there are multiple intervals then you proceed as above taking the sign of the function just before and just after every point.
But if the sign of the function does not change then it is not a monotonic function,i.e. neither strictly decreasing nor stricly increasing
Hoping taht this has helped you..
Nudge if you have any questions!