In the tetrahedral model of Carbon four atoms are placed on the plane. One of the other two comes outwards(towards u) and the other goes inwards(away 4m u)

Dark line represents atom coming out and small dashes represent atom inwards(at the back)

If 2 or more than 2 functional groups r present, the one having the highest priority is made the secondary suffix and all other r made the prefixes. The priority list is given below........ 

 

Decreasing Priority Order of Principle Characteristic Groups Identified by a Suffix
1.   Acids (in the order COOH, C(O)O2H; then their S and Se derivatives, followed by sulfonic, sulfinic, selenonic, etc., phosphonic, arsonic, etc., acids)
2.   Anhydrides
3.   Esters
4.   Acid halides
5.   Amides
6.   Hydrazides
7.   Imides
8.   Nitriles
9.   Aldehydes, followed by thioaldehydes & selenoaldehydes
10.   Ketones, followed by thioketones & selenoketones
11.   Alcohols and Phenols, followed by thiols & selenols
12.   Hydroperoxides, followed by thiohydroperoxides & selenohydroperoxides
13.   Amines
14.   Imines
15.   Hydrazines, Phosphanes, etc.
16.   Ethers followed by sulfides & selenides
1.   Peroxides, followed by disulfides & diselenides

 

 

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