a buffer is a solution whose pH is not altered to any appreciable extent on addition of acid or base.
Buffer solution is prepared by addition of weak acid with the salt of its strong base(e.g.solution of nitric acid and sodium nitrate is a buffer solution).
Buffer solution is also prepared by mixing weak base with the salt of its strong acid.
HYDROLYSIS:-when an acid and base reacts to form salt and water then the salt ionises in water and ions of the salt reacts with water.this is called hydrolysis.If the salt formed is an acidic salt(formed by reaction of strong acid and weak base) the anion of the salt which came from weak base will react with water and opposite case happens if the salt formed is a basic salt.in this case the cation of the salt which came from weak acid reacts with water.