Jayawantrao Sawant College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra

HEREBY i m giving the detailed info on civil engineering 4 u

Introduction 2 CIVIL ENGINEERING

Considered as one of the oldest engineering disciplines, Civil Engineering involves planning, designing and executing structural works. The profession deals with a wide variety of engineering tasks including designing, supervision and construction activities of public works like roads, bridges, tunnels, buildings, airports, dams, water works, sewage systems, ports etc. and offers a multitude of challenging career opportunities.

A civil engineer is responsible for planning and designing a project, constructing the project to the required scale, and maintenance of the product. A civil engineer requires not only a high standard of engineering knowledge but also supervisory and administrative skills. The planning part of their work involves site investigation, feasibility studies, creating solutions to complications that may occur and the actual designing of structures. They have to work with the guidelines of the local government authority and get plans approved by the relevant authority. They may prepare cost estimates and set construction schedules. Construction work involves dealing with clients, architects, government officials, contactors and the supervision of work according to standards. Their work also involves the maintenance and repair of the project.

The major specialisations within civil engineering are structural, water resources, environmental, construction, transportation, geo-technical engineering etc. On most projects, civil engineers work in teams or in coordination with many other engineers. They can find work as a supervisor of a construction site or a managerial position or in design, research as well as teaching in government services or private concerns. They can also work as independent consultants.

Eligibility and course areas: A bachelor's degree in Engineering is the minimum requirement to become a qualified civil engineer.

Educational : A bachelor's degree in Engineering is the minimum requirement to become a qualified civil engineer. A post graduate degree is required for research or teaching posts and an additional degree in business administration is desirable for management positions.

Engineering courses are available at two levels. There are the degree and postgraduate degree courses offered by the engineering colleges and Institutes of Technology (IITs), and, the diploma courses available at polytechnics. There is also the Associate Membership Examination of the Institute of Engineers (AMIE), which enables working people in the private and public sector, or diploma holders to acquire a Bachelor's engineering degree through distance education. IIT Chennai and Institute Of Post Graduate Studies And Research, Hyderabad gives MS courses in civil Engineering, through distance education, the basic qualification of which is BE/ B tech in engineering.

The basic eligibility criteria for a BE / B.Tech in Civil Engineering is 10+2 or equivalent examination, with high percentage of marks in Science subjects (Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics).

Selection : Selection to the graduate courses ( BE / B.Tech ) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams. Entrance to the IIT's is through 'JEE' (Joint Entrance Exam) and for other institutions through their own separate entrance exams and other state level and national level exams. Apart from the IIT's, some other famous institutes also recognize JEE scores for selection. Selection to the postgraduate courses ( M.Sc / M.Tech) in different universities is through an 'All India Combined Entrance exam' conducted by JNU, New Delhi and to IIT's through 'GATE' in Two year/ 4 semester M.Tech courses and through JEE in five year integrated M.Tech courses.

Duration : BE/B.Tech courses are of 4 year's duration. The diploma courses are of 2-3 year's duration

Fees : In private colleges fees range from approx Rs.1 lakh to Rs. 2 lakh annually for a bachelors degree. In IIT's it varies between Rs. 15,000/- to Rs. 20,000/- per year.

Personal Skills : A civil engineer needs to have a sharp, analytical and practical mind and give attention to details. Excellent communication skills is a necessity and he should have the ability to get along at all levels, as part of a team. He should be good at organizing and solving problems. He may need to work under pressure and have the ability to keep calm during crisis.

He needs to know about surveying methods, environmental issues like whether the area is susceptible to tremors or has sandy soil etc, properties of building materials like its load bearing strength, resistance to fire and corrosion etc. Besides having a good technical designing knowledge conceptualising structures, they should be computer literate in order to use design, drawing and word processing software. Civil engineers need to know building and safety regulations, local authority and government regulations, acceptable standards for construction and how to draw plans.

Career Options and Job Prospects: Civil Engineers can find job in Government departments, private and public sector industry.Civil Engineers can find job in Government departments, private and public sector industries, research and teaching institutions etc. Job opportunities for civil engineers are expected to increase as fast as the average for all jobs, although the construction industry is vulnerable to fluctuations in the economy.

Civil engineers will always be needed to maintain and repair existing facilities and structures and to construct new ones. After doing B.Tech, one can look for jobs in road projects, building work, consultancy firms, quality testing laboratories or housing societies. The experts say there is a high demand for experienced civil engineers in developed countries.

Civil engineers are employed in all the major construction projects carried out by the state or central government, the railways, private construction companies, military, engineering services, consultancy services etc. Civil engineering graduates can also go in for research and take up teaching or they can open their own independent consultancy services.

Remuneration : The earnings depend on the industries employing civil engineers such as Central or State government departments or private concerns. In India, a bachelor's degree candidate in civil engineering can receive a starting salary of Rs.4000 up to Rs 7500 approximately with 2-3 years experience. The earnings depend on the industries employing civil engineers such as Central or State government departments or private concerns. In India, a bachelor's degree candidate in civil engineering can receive a starting salary of Rs.4000 up to Rs 7500 approximately with 2-3 years experience.

With more experience or as an established independent consultant one could earn more. Most employers prefer candidates with Computer (Autocad) knowledge. Companies abroad in Singapore, UAE etc pay Rs 15000-20,000 approximately for candidates with 2-3 years experience. In USA, according to a 2001 salary survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, a bachelor's degree candidate as an initial salary offers averaging $40,616 a year, master's degree candidates received an average offer of $44,080, and Ph.D. candidates were offered $62,280

Institutes : IIT's or Indian institute of Technology in New Delhi, Mumbai, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur are the most prestigious Engineering institutions in India.

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yes u can do M.B.A after doing M.Sc or even after doing any cources u just have 2 give CAT (common enterance examination) which can b given by any person it doesn't matter weather (s)he is doctor,engineer,lawer,e.t.c

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Human brain is the mostoutstanding object in world.It functions 24 hours a day,365 days a year.It functions right from the time we are born,and stop only when we enter the examination hall.

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ONE SHOULD NEVER FORGET EARTH

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-twentieth century, and its projected continuation.

The average global air temperature near the Earth's surface increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the hundred years ending in 2005.[1] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic (man-made) greenhouse gas concentrations"[1] via the greenhouse effect. Natural phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small cooling effect from 1950 onward.[2][3]

These basic conclusions have been endorsed by at least thirty scientific societies and academies of science,[4] including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.[5][6][7] While individual scientists have voiced disagreement with some findings of the IPCC,[8] the overwhelming majority of scientists working on climate change agree with the IPCC's main conclusions.[9][10]

Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that average global surface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the twenty-first century.[1] The range of values results from the use of differing scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions as well as models with differing climate sensitivity. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. The delay in reaching equilibrium is a result of the large heat capacity of the oceans.[1]

Increasing global temperature will cause sea level to rise, and is expected to increase the intensity of extreme weather events and to change the amount and pattern of precipitation. Other effects of global warming include changes in agricultural yields, trade routes, glacier retreat, species extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors.

Remaining scientific uncertainties include the amount of warming expected in the future, and how warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but there is ongoing political and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its expected consequences.

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please do not rate this article AS THIS article is written by our goiit friend kashyap6552 but she fails 2 submit it b'coz of some ERROR so pl NUDGE her if u like her article

Man thinks he is superior to all organism in the world<though he has the basic similarity with them

The body of man and other life forms aremade up of cells i.e they

have a similarcellular nature.they have similarity in nutritution,but its the other thing that their mode of nutrition is

different.Living beings are identical in respiration i.eoxidation of food.also excreation is identical property in them.they

have a reproductive nature,having a definate shape and structure.they all are having a life cycle means their life"s 1st

stage is childhood->adolscent->adult->maturity->aging and the all known similarity death.the fundamental intelltual

faculity for man"s superiority is only because of two organs.first is the brain which help man to understand his

culture,language,behaviour etc,it is 3/4th of body"s wieght and has zealous power in it and the second is the

thumb.it is smaller in size but is of great importance.it is a versatile organ which differs him from others.so it is true

that the social animal is higher in place than the other animals.

But if we see on the whole,man is extremely insignificant in the universe about

several times smaller than a single particle.So he should not proud too much of his richness but should give thanks to nature

who made him think on this earth.

BY KASHYAP Smile

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Establishment: 2004

Institution Type: Private College

Recognition: Approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi

Trust/Group/Management: Jayawant Shikshan Prasarak Mandal

JSPM= Janta Shikshan Prasarak Mandal

JANATA SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL (JSPM) PUSAD- 45215(M.S.) INDIA was established and registered as a society in 1960.

The Society started the Engineering Degree courses in 1983-84, and B. Pharm, Polytechnic courses in 1984-85 .

Since 1983, JSPM is involved in social service.It has started and judiciously maintained schools, hostels, Colleges in the rural area.

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Introduction 2 CIVIL ENGINEERING

Human brain is the mostoutstanding object in world.It functions 24 hours a day,365 days a year.It functions right from the time we are born,and stop only when we enter the examination hall.

please do not rate this article AS THIS article is written by our goiit friend kashyap6552 but she fails 2 submit it b'coz of some ERROR so pl NUDGE her if u like her article

please do not rate this article AS THIS article is written by our goiit friend kashyap6552 but she fails 2 submit it b'coz of some ERROR so pl NUDGE her if u like her article

Jayawantrao Sawant College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra

About Jayawantrao Sawant College of Engineering

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