thats becoz excess of salt cause make cell to shrink and water comes in the intracellular fluid that cause puffiness..

 

 

1) with HNO2 sec amine formed R2NH + HNO2------->R2NNO(oily) + H2O bt tert amine does nt gv so it only dissolves.

2)then hinbergs test that must be given in ncert.

3)hofmann mustard oil reaction. thats reaction with carbon disulphide followed by HgCl2 primary gv black ppt of Hgs and sec does nt gv and tert does not show any reaction.

NaCl has fcc structure becoz in NaCl ,Cl anions are present at all the eight corners and at all the six faces.

contribution due to Corner particles is 1/8X8=1

contribution due to face particles is 1/2X6=3

there fore total is equal 4 Cl anions

and Na cations are present at the body centre and centre of all the 12 edges

contribution due to body centre particle =1

contribution due to edge particle =1/4X12=3

total is equal to 4 Na cations

becoz of anionic arrangement it is called at fcc.

Frenkel and Schottky defect are nonstoichiometric defect becoz  the ratio of cation:anion in defected crystal is equal to its molecular ratio.

for eg: suppose we have 10NaCl(ratio of cation:anion=1:1) formula unit and due to defect one cation and one anion gets missing still the ratio is 1:1.