hey this is the best logic i felt to indentify or distinguish between a peroxide and a dioxide
consider an oxide given put oxygen as -2 charge and solve for oxidation state of the metal if than answer is one of the possible oxidation state of that metal then it is a dioxide otherwise its a peroxide or a super oxide
for eg
Na2O2 when we do the calculation we get +2 for Na which is never possible thats why we call it a peroxide
on the other hand for MnO2 we get +4 oxidation state for Mn which is possible and therefore it is a dioxide!!! rate if you find useful!!!ok???

any doubts???