IIT JEE , AIEEE Forum - Chemistry , Physical Chemistry

roarman19

Q) Give the detailed meaning of zeeman effect....????
Q) Explain the de--broglie relationship........????
Q) What does the orientation of an orbital means.....???
Q) What is energy_threshold ...........????????
Q) What is symmetrical orientation and axial orientationl........_{?????
Q) What is the difference between dumb--bell and double dumb--bell shapes.......????
Q) What is radial node.........?????
Q) What are angular nodes or nodal plane.....?
Q) What are spherical nodes....?

PLZ TRY TO ANSWER ALL THE PROBLEMS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE........!!!}

iitkgp_bipin

Zeeman Effect is splitting of spectral lines when the light source being studied is placed in a magnetic field. The effect furnishes information of prime importance in the analysis of spectra. Each kind of spectral term has its characteristic mode of splitting, and the types of terms are most definitely identified by this property . Furthermore, the effect allows an evaluation of the ratio of charge to mass of the electron and an evaluation of its precise magnetic moment.

The normal Zeeman effect is a splitting into two or three lines, depending on the direction of observation. The light of these components is polarized in ways indicated in the illustration. The normal effect is observed for all lines belonging to singlet systems, those for which the spin quantum number S = 0. The change of frequency of the shifted components can be evaluated on classical electromagnetic principles.

Triplet observed in normal Zeeman effect. ?<sub>0</sub> = unshifted frequency; ??<sub><i>n</i></sub> = frequency shift.

Triplet observed in normal Zeeman effect. ?₀ = unshifted frequency; ??_n = frequency shift.

kamalasai

i can answer only few Q

8Q)The plane where the probability of finding electron is zero is called Nodal plane

2Q) On the bases of ideas of dual nature of light L.DE BROGLIE proposed that all micro particals including the electron with high velocity r accociated with wavve nature
there fore all micro particals such as electrons,protons,atoms n even molecules moving with high speed r concidered to possses both partical nature n dual nature
Accor to Planks Quantum theory of radiation , the energy

(E) of a photon is= to hv (new)
E=hv or E=h x c/lamida

but Einsteins mass - energy equivalance
E=mc2

from both eq

hc/lamida = mc2

lamida= hc/mc2 =h/mc = h/p

(p=mc=momentum)

The above equation is applicable to photons n micro particals moving with high speed
There fore de.Broglie equation lamida=h/mv
m = mass of micro partical
v = velocity of micro partical

now let us conider the case of an electron moving with same velocity 2 x 10^5 cms sec-1 in an orbit
The wave length is calculated as

lamida= h/mv

= 6.6256 x 10^-34 /9.1x10^-31 x2 x10^3

=4x10^-7
This wavelength associated with electron in motion with high speed in an orbit can be ignored . Hence its wave nature is significance

kamalasai

4Q)All reacting molicules shall have to collide for any reaction to occur

The colliding molecules shall to possess a minimum energy to give products . This minimum energy is called THRESHOLD energy
This is higher than that of molecules in normal state

i am sure of it but please excuse me if its wrong

kamalasai

7Q)The surface at which the probability of finding an electron is almost zero .This is called RADIAL NODE
Radial nodes r given as (n-l-1)
for example for 3s,they r
(3-0-1)=2
for 3p
(3-1-1)=1
for 3d
(3-2-1)=0

catch_arnnie

Q) What is the difference between dumb--bell and double dumb--bell shapes.......????

ans::

dumble shape is of p orbital whereas double dumble shape is of d orbital...

i suggest you download the software from the following link

http://www.orbitals.com/orb/setupov.exe

this small software (just 600kb) is orbital viewer, it forms 3d images of orbitals you wanna see.
this will really help you understand the shapes of orbitals & how nodes are formed...

plz rate if you find this useful..

varshavallig

hi

4Q) threshold energy can be given as

h

_o=h

- 1/2mv²

threshold energy is the minimum energy that a proton should possess which is required to eject the electron from a metal surface.

_o is the threshold frequency which is the minimum frequency below which the photoelectric effect cannot be observed.threshold energy is also known as work function. hope u know what is photoelectric effect.if not just refer ncert text book of class 11th.

!!!!!!!!!!

gauravstud

de broglie relation was to establish the fact that every particle posseess wave chracter in it
the momentum of a particle was related to its wave lengthas aper the relation

wavelength=planck's constant\MOMENTUM

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