1) Different postition of the arms result in different signals, thats understood .So total no. of signals are 4^N, where N is the total no. of arms. But in these selections, there is a combination which has all the arms at rest, thats not a signal. So 4^N -1 = 1023 => N =5
2)Working on this!.
@ little genius: The arrangement can be like this also:
BBGBBGBBGG, in this no boy is between two girls.
3) There are 3 vowels : A,E,A. Not changing the relative ordering means that the first place must be occupied by a vowel, the second and third place by consonants, the fourth place by a vowel, the next two places by consonants and the last place by a vowel.
That gives 4! * (3! /2) , 4 places for consonants and 3 for vowels in which A is repeated once.