Alkanes Paraffins

Alkanes Paraffins

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Alkanes Paraffins

chapter

General formula of alkanes is C_n H_2n+2
They are also called paraffins (parum = Little + affinis = reactivity).

They may have no bond polarity and does not contain

in the molecule so known as saturated hydrocarbons.
Preparation
(i) From Grignard reagent
RMgX alkyl magnesium halide (other examples of RMgX type molecules are RLi and R₂Cd)
This reaction is known as Zere wittinoff’s method for estimation of active hydrogen in the molecule. Active hydrogen is the one which is attached to a highly electronegative element. eg., N,O,S etc. Hydrogen attached to alkyl groups like —CH₃, —C₂H₅ are never active due to less electronegativity of ‘C’ atom.

R’ in Hydrocarbon always comes from grignard reagent. In case of alkynes, only 1-alkynes reacts with G.R because it contains active Hydrogen atom attached with a ‘sp’ hybridized carbon atom with maximum electronegativity.