carboxylic acid.....
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you know that ring with -COOH group always gives resonance outside due to this C6H5COOH(benzoic acid )is weker acid than HCOOH.assume if there is any group present at ortho position of benzoic acid of any effect +R or -R it releases or attrect electron so decreases the effect of ring to through the electron outside ,in other term we can say inhibit the resonance of ring electron towards outside so increases the acidic strength ,known as ortho -effect. | |||||||||||||
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