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arun-rashi (1128)

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We draw the resonating structures of benzoic acid & hence givesits resonance hybrid as the real molecule in which C=O of acid withdraws electron density frm the ring.When there is ortho substituent ,COOH coplanarity with the ring is lost,thus resonance is diminished & so O of OH group of COOH grp is more positive so OH bond is more polar & release of H as H⁺ IS EASY making ORTHO substituted acid more acidic. Now if we consider acidic strength fron anion stability point of view, due to steric inhibition of resonance in ring it becomes stabilized & acidic strength increases.This is called as ORTHO EFFECT

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