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Aniline is first diazotozied with NaNO2/HCl to produce benzene diazonium chloride, which on boiling with dilute acid gives phenol. Phenol on nitration with conc. nitric acid gives picric acid. The other route is sulphonation of phenol (obtained from aniline as above) with conc. sulphuric acid to produce Phenol-2,4-disulphonic acid which is then nitrated with conc. nitric and sulphuric acid where sulphonic acid groups also get replaced by nitro groups to produce picric acid. |
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