IIT JEE , AIEEE Forum - Chemistry , Physical Chemistry

viswanath

For metals in a given period reactivity is determined by the number of electrons that must be transferred to a nonmetal. so, as we move down the group, the ionisation energy decreases and so it becomes easier to remove electrons thereby we find increase in reactivity.

In the case of non-metals, since the attraction for electrons is greater when the atomic radius is small, the closer the outermost orbit to the nucleus of a nonmetal, the more reactive it is. A small radius means that the nucleus pulls strongly on any electrons near it and strongly desires to fill its outer shell. The more reactive nonmetals will be found near the top of the group.

(iii) acc., to VSEPR theory, due to the presence to lone pair electrons in SO2, it is V shaped while its counterpart of the previous period CO2 is linear
NOTE:
lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair- bond pair repulsion

alcohol and glucose are soluble in water due to the formation of hydrogen bonds
(note: glucose has got 5 -OH bonds)

http://www.coolschool.ca/lor/CH12/unit4/U04L13.htm
view the above video link to know why ammonia is soluble in water

for ur final question,
acc., to molecular orbital theory, bond order of O2 = 2
O2- = 1.5
O2+ = 2.5
O2-- = 1
as the bond order of O2+ is higher, it is the most stable molecule among the given four.

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