for Q.1. ackhill has already given d method

 

for no. of chiral carbons, count the carbon atoms that r attached to 4 different groups or atoms...

 

for isomers in general.. find out what all isomerism is exhibited by the compound.. and then find the possible isomers..

 

for chain isomerism, first try n-isomer , then sec n then tert.. for functional, change the functional grp (mostly it'll b 2)..for position isomers, change the position of func grp n see.. simple.. :)