ALDOL REACTION

1. This rxn is given by those carbonyl (aldehydes and ketones) which contain one   - H atom

 

2. The rxn of a carbonyl compound (containing at least one  - H) in presence of a base like dil. NaOH, Na₂CO₃, Ba(OH)₃ to give  - hydroxy carbonyl compound is known as aldol rxn.

 

3.  - hydroxy aldehyde is known as aldol,  - hydroxy ketone is called ketol

 

4. Aldol rxn. sometimes called aldol condensation .Aldol condensation means union of two molecules of same or different carbonyl compounds to give aldol which on heating gives , - unsaturated carbonyl compounds

 

5. For a carbonyl compounds to perform aldol condensation it must contain at least two  - H atoms

 

6. To write the structure of aldol we will follows the following eqn.

>C=O + H - Z  >C<^OH_HZ

here H is   - H of carbonyl compounds

 

7.If two molecules r of same carbonyl compounds then the rxn. is called self aldol n when two molecules r of different carbonyl compounds the rxn is called crossed aldol

                                                                             _heat              

8. RCH₂CHO  + H-CH(R)CHO  RCH₂CH(OH)(R)CHO    RCH₂CH=CR-CHO

                                  ^-OH/cross aldol

9. RCH₂CHO + R'COCH₃     RCH₂CH(OH)CHCOR' +   ^Me_R'>C<CH(R)CHO_OH

 

10. If a compound contain two carbonyl groups then it may perform intramolecular aldol to give cyclic -hydroxy carbonyl compounds                    

 

11. If a compound contains one aldehyde n one ketonic group then it is the  - H of ketone which takes part in intramolecular aldol rxn.

 

12. By knowing the structure(s) of aldol how we find the structure of starting carbonyl compound(s) ?  

 

Procedure  

1. Check the compound to b  - hydroxy carbonyl compound

2.Break the  , - bond by supplying H to   - C n OH to   -C

 

13. By knowing the structures of , - unsaturated  carbonyl compounds how we can find the structure(s) of starting carbonyl compound(s)?

 

Procedure :-

 

Break the , - double bond by supplying two 'H' to  - 'C' n two 'OH' to  - 'C'   

 

                                                                                          

 

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