Physics Syllabus-2

Engineering Entrance , MANIPAL UGET (Engg)

Physics Syllabus-II  (Manipal UGET) Test:

PHYSICS - PART II

Geometrical Optics:

Refraction at a plane surface:  Refraction through a parallel sided glass slab - derivation of expressions for lateral shifts and normal shift (object in a denser medium) - total internal reflection and its applications -optical fibers and its application in communication - problems.

Refraction through a prism: Derivation of expression for the refractive index in terms of A and D - dispersion through a prism - experimental arrangement for pure spectrum - deviation produced by a thin prism - dispersive power - mention of condition for dispersion without deviation - problems.

Refraction at a spherical surface: Derivation of the relation connecting n, u, v and r for refraction at a spherical surface (concave towards a point object in a denser medium) - derivation of lens maker's formula - power of lens - magnification - derivation of expression for the equivalent focal length of combination of two thin lenses in contact - mention of expression for equivalent focal length of two thin lenses separated by a distance - problems.

Physical Optics:

Introduction to Theories of Light: A brief explanation of Newton's corpuscular theory, Huygens' wave theory and Maxwell's electromagnetic theory - mention of expression for speed of light C = 1/??o?o, qualitative explanation of Hertz's experiment - brief explanation of Planck's quantum theory of radiation - dual nature of light.

Interference:  Explanation of the phenomenon theory of interference - derivation of conditions for constructive and destructive interference - Young's double slit experiment, derivation of expression for fringe align - qualitative explanation of interference at thin films and Newton's rings - problems.

Diffraction: Explanation of the phenomenon - distinction between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction - qualitative explanation of diffraction at single slit and analysis of diffraction pattern (Fraunhoffer type) - qualitative explanation of plane diffraction grating at normal incidence - limit of resolution - resolving power- Rayleigh's criterion - definition and mention of expression for resolving powers of microscope and telescope - problems.

Polarisation: Explanation of the phenomenon - representation of polarized and unpolarised light - explanation of plane of polarisation and plane of vibration - methods of producing plane polarised light: by reflection - Brewster's law, refraction, double refraction, selective absorption - construction and application of polaroids - optical activity - specific rotatory power - construction and working of Laurent's half shade polarimeter - mention of circularly polarised light - problems.

Speed of light: Michelson's rotating mirror experiments to determine speed of light - importance of speed of light.

Electrostatics:
Electric charges: Concept of charge - Coulomb's law, absolute and permitivity - SI unit of charge.

Electrostatic Field: Concept of electric field - definition of field strength - derivation of expression for the field due to an isolated charge, concept of dipole - mention of expression for the field due to a dipole - definition of dipole moment - mention of expression for torque on a dipole - explanation of polarisation of a dielectric medium - dielectric strength - concept of lines of force and their characteristics - explanation of electric flux - statement and explanation of Gauss theorem and its applications to derive expressions for electric intensity (a) near the surface of a charged conductor (b) near a spherical conductor - concept of electric potential - derivation of the relation between electric field and potential - derivation of expression for potential due to an isolated charge - explanation of potential energy of a system of charges - problems.

Current Electricity:

Electric current: Microscopic view of current through conductors (random motion of electrons) - explanation of drift velocity and mobility - derivation of expression for current I=neA?d - deduction of Ohm's law - origin of resistance - definition of resistivity - temperature coefficient of resistance - concept of super conductivity - explanation of critical temperature, critical field and high temperature superconductors - mention of uses of superconductors - thermistors and mention of their uses - colour code for resistors - derivation of expression for effective resistance of resistances in series and parallel - derivation of expression for branch currents - definition of emf and internal resistance of a cell - Ohm's law applied to a circuit - problems.

Kirchoff's laws: Statement and explanation of Kirchoff's laws for electrical network - explanation of Wheastone's network - derivation of the condition for its balance by applying Kirchoff's laws - principle of metre bridge - problems.

Magnetic effect of electric current: Magnetic field produced by electric current - statement and explanation of Biot - Savart's (Laplace's ) law - derivation of expression for magnetic field at any point on the axis of a circular coil carrying current and hence expression for magnetic field at the centre - current in a circular coil as a magnetic dipole - explanation of magnetic moment of the current loop - mention of expression for the magnetic field due to (i) a straight current carrying conductor (ii) at a point on the axis of a solenoid - basic concepts of terrestrial magnetism - statement and explanation of Tangent law - construction and theory of tangent galvanometer - problems.

Mechanical effect of electric current: Mention of expression for force on a charge moving in magnetic field - mention of expression for force on a conductor carrying current kept in a magnetic field - statement of Fleming's left hand rule - explanation of magnetic field strength in terms of flux density - derivation of expression for the force between two parallel conductors carrying currents and hence definition of ampere -mention of expression for torque on a current loop kept in an uniform magnetic field - construction and theory of moving coil galvanometer - conversion of a pointer galvanometer into an ammeter and voltmeter - problems.

Electromagnetic Induction: Statement and explanation of Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law - derivation of expression for emf induced in a rod moving in a uniform magnetic field - explanation of self induction and mutual induction - mention of expression for energy stored in a coil -explanation of eddy currents - alternating currents - derivation of expression for sinusoidal emf - definition of phase and frequency of ac - mention of the expression for instantaneous, peak, rms and average values -derivation of expression for current in case of ac applied to a circuit containing (i) pure resistor (ii) inductor (iii) capacitor - derivation of expression for impedance and current in LCR series circuit by phasor diagram method - explanation of resonance - derivation of expression for resonant frequency - brief account of sharpness of resonance and Q-factor - mention of expression for power in ac circuits - power factor and wattless current - quantitative description of choke - basic ideas of magnetic hysteresis - construction and working of transformers - mention of sources of power loss in transformers - ac meters - principle and working of moving iron meter - qualitative explanation of transmission of electrical power - advantages of ac and dc - problems.

Atomic Physics:

Introduction to atomic physics: Mention of the types of electron emission - description and theory of Dunnington's method of finding e/m of an electron - explanation of types of spectra; emission and absorption spectra - brief account of Faunhoffer lines - qualitative explanation of electromagnetic spectrum with emphasis on frequency.

Photo electric Effect: Explanation of photo electric effect - experiment to study photo electric effect - experimental observations - Einstein's photo electric equation and its explanation - principle and uses of photo cells: (i) photo emissive (ii) photo voltaic (iii) photo conductive cells - problems.

Dual nature of matter: Concept of matter waves - arriving at the expression for de Brogile Wave length -principle and working of GP Thomson's experiment - principle of Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope.

Bohr's Atom model: Bohr's atomic model for Hydrogen like atoms - Bohr's postulates - arriving at the expressions for radius, velocity, energy and wave number - explanation of spectral series of Hydrogen - energy level diagram - explanation of ionization and excitation energy - limitations of Bohr's theory - qualitative explanation of Sommerfeld & Vector atom models - problems.

Scattering of Light: Explanation of coherent and incoherent scattering off the sky and sea - red at sunrise and sunset - basic concepts and applications of Raman effect.

Lasers: Interaction between energy levels and electromagnetic radiation - laser action -population inversion - optical pumping - properties of lasers - construction and working of Ruby laser - mention of applications of lasers - brief account of photonics.

Nuclear Physics: Characteristics of nucleus - quantitative explanation of liquid drop model - qualitative explanation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and its applications in medical diagnostics as MRI - nuclear forces and their characteristics - explanation of Einsteins mass - energy relation - definition of amu and eV - arriving at 1 amu = 931 MeV - examples to show the conversion of mass into energy and vice-versa - mass defect - binding energy - specific binding energy - BE curve - packing function.

Nuclear fission with equations - nuclear chain reaction - critical mass - controlled and un-controlled chain reactions - types of nuclear reactors and mention of their principles - disposal of nuclear waste.

Nuclear fusion - stellar energy (carbon & proton cycles) - problems.

Radioactivity: Laws of radioactivity - (i) Soddy's group displacement laws - (ii) decay law - derivation of N=No.e-? - explanation of decay constant - derivation of expression for half life - mention of expression for mean life - relation between half and mean life - units of activity; Bequerrel and Curie - Artificial transmutation: Artificial radioactivity - radio iso.es and mention of their uses - brief account of biological effects of radiations and safety measures -problems.

Elementary Particles: Basic concepts of leptons and hadrons - qualitative explanation of ?-decay - neutrino hypothesis and Quarks.

Solid state electronics: Qualitative explanation of Band theory of solids - classification of conductors, insulators and semiconductors - intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors - p-type and n-type semiconductors - construction and action of pn-junction - forward and reverse biasing - half wave and full wave rectification - function and application of light emitting diodes - photo diode - laser diode - transistors - npn and pnp transistors - action of transistors - npn transistors as an amplifier in CE mode.

Digital electronics: Logic gates - AND, OR, NOR & NAND symbols and truth table - applications of logic gates (Boolean equations) - half adder and full adder.

Soft condensed matter physics: Liquid crystals - classification, thermotropic (nematic, cholesteric and smectic) and lyotropic liquid crystals - mention of applications of liquid crystals - basic concepts of.


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