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Ortho effect is shown only by..ANILINE and BENZOIC ACID...Ortho effect : Ortho isomer becomes more acidic as compared to other isomers in case of Benzoic acid ....and become less basic as compared to other isomers in case of Aniline....Suppose you have four compounds ..A: Aniline with OH on ortho position.B;Aniline with OH on Meta,,,,C with OH on PARA and D with simple aniline.then basic strength will be,,, C>B>D>A....because there is ortho effect in case of A so it become less basic as compared to simple aniline.Similar in Benzoic...it will be more acidic than all members..Ortho effect is not property of all aromatic compound..only the two that i have discussed above
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