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Multiple Choice Question Based on Passage
Internal energy
Every system (solid, liquid or gas) possesses a certain amount of energy. This energy is called the internal energy and is usually denoted by the symbol U. The internal energy of solid, liquid or gas consists of two parts : (i) kinetic energy due to the motion (translational, rotational and vibrational) of the molecules, and (ii) potential energy due to the configuration (seperation) of the molecules.
The internal energy of a homogeneous system depends on its thermodynamic state, i.e. on its thermodynamic coordinates P, V and T. Each definite state of the system possesses a definite quantity of internal energy. A change in the internal energy can occur only if a transfer of energy between the system and surroundings is permitted. This can take place if (i) some work is performed on or by the system, and (ii) some heat is absorbed or given out by the system.
In an isothermal process
(a) the temperature of the gas remains constant.
(b) the gas does not take any heat from the surroundings.
(c) the internal energy of the gas remains constant.
(d) the pressure and volume of the gas remain constant.