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Topic : haloalkanes and haloarenes
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The halogen derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are called Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, respectively. Haloalkanes are commonly known as Alkyl halides and Haloarenes as Aryl Halides. There are two types of isomerism seen in halo compounds: chain isomerism and position isomerism. Alkanes react with halogens in the presence of light to give Haloalkanes. Addition of Halogen acids to alkenes also gives Haloalkanes. In case of unsymmetrical alkenes, Markovnikov's rule is applied. Haloalkanes can also be prepared from alcohols by reaction with halogen acids, phosphorous halides and thionyl chloride. Thionyl chloride method is the be
Topic : LEARN BASICS Of Nomenclature ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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NOMENCLATURE AND STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: New Chemistry Syllabus IITJEE 2012 EntranceMagic Tips Using Chemistry, Hidden Facts of Chemistry Greek and Latin prefixes play an important role in nomenclature: Greek Latin ½ hemi semi 1 mono uni 1½ sesqui 2 di bi 3 tri ter 4 tetra
Topic : ORGANIC CONVERSIONS- SHORT CUTS (CONTINUED)
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Previous article was based on simple organic conversion for increasing the number of Carbon atoms or same number of C-atoms.Now I am attaching few pages in which I will be concentrating around what we get from aldehydes and ketones and how we can get different products from aldehydes and ketones. I am also condensing few of Aromatic conversion steps. I will write tommorow few pages of general conversions through which you can do all conversions asked in Board exams. So depending upon the understanding of you of basic organic chemistry you can easily do organic conversions.Please keep one thing in mind dont cram any thing If You follow the steps suggested by me there
Topic : Modern Einstein Theory of Relativity
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Einstein's Theory of Relativity states that , "Agar ek ladke ke haath par kisi ladki ka haath ho to ek ghanta bhi ek minute ki tarah guzarta hai aur agar ek haath ek garam tave pe rakha ho to ek minute bhi ek ghanta ke barabar guzarta hai. "Best Explanation of Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity rate if you like
Topic : Toughest Problems in The world(must have a look)
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Source Wikipedia.Don't forget to click like if you find it interestingMillennium Prize ProblemsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the math prizes. For the technology prize, see Millennium Technology Prize.The seven problems are:The Millennium Prize Problems are seven problems in mathematics that were stated by theClay Mathematics Institute in 2000. As of March 2012, six of the problems remain unsolved. A correct solution to any of the problems results in a US$1,000,000 prize (sometimes called aMillennium Prize) being awarded by the institute. The Poincaré conjecture, the onl
Topic : ORGANIC CONVERSIONS - 3- AROMATIC COMPOUNDS(Basic Tips)
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Dear Students Thank you very much for your great resonse and good comments I am geting. Today I am going to give you the tips for the conversions for aromatic compounds. These charts if you study and understand carefully I dont think any organic conversion will remain difficult for you. Just follow basics and you will be at ease. and belive me Organic Chemistry will never be so easy after this.Please go through it and try to solve conversions which are in your sample papers ( few examples I am also giving).Please comment and tell me your suggestions and any modification. Tomorrow or later today I will post other tips of Organic conversions of double
Topic : Calculation of no of optical isomers
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calculation of no of optical isomers..... Type 1 : when molecule is not divisible into two equal halves and contains 'n' asymmaetric carbon atoms, thenno of optically active isomers (a) = 2^nno of meso forms, (m) = 0no of racemice mixture (r) = a/2Note : racemice forms will never be included in total no of optical isomersTotal no of optical isomers =a + me.g no of optical active isomers of glucose = total no of isomers of glucose = 2^ 4 =16 Type 2: When molecule is divisble in two equal halves,case (i) if n is even, &nbs
Topic : Named Reactions in Organic Chemistry for IIT-JEE
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Aldol CondensationArndt Eistert SynthesisBaeyer Villiger OxidationBenzoin CondensationBirch ReductionBoradine Hunsdiecker ReactionBouveault–Blanc ReactionBucherer ReactionCannizaro's RectionClaisen CondensationClaisen RearrangementClaisen Schmidt ReactionContant Finkelstein ReactionCope EliminationCorey House SynthesisCurtius ReactionDieckmann CondensationDiels Alder ReactionEtard's ReactionFavoroskii RearranagementFriedel Crafts ReactionsFries RearrangementGabriel Phthalimide SynthesisGattermann ReactionGattermann Koch ReactionGomberg ReactionHell Volhard Zelensky ( HVZ ) ReactionHoffmann Bromamide DegradationHoffmann Maritius ReactionKilliani Fischer
Topic : Important Reagents in Organic Chemistry
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This article is orignally contributed by me.copyright(c) vkvashistha It might be not visible clearly. To see clearly, just click ont the image and then zoom it in your photo editor.Thank You
Topic : plz plz plz see this............sabse imp. haiiiiiiiiii
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SOME OF IMPORTANT INCREASING DECREASING FUNCTIONSSSSSSS................. A)DECREASING SIZE Fe > Fe2+ > Fe3+ B)INCREASING SIZE I+ < I < I- C)DECREASING RADII O2- > F > Na+ > Mg2+ D)INCREASING BOND POLARITY N - Cl < S-O < As-F < Mg - O E)DEC. POLARITY OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES NaCl > HCl > ClF >Cl2 F)INCREASING ENERGY OF MOLECULAR ORBITALS *2S < 2P < PI 2PX < *2P G)DECREASING SHEILDING EFFECT OF INNER ELECTRONS WITH SAME PRINCIPAL QUANTOM NO. s > p > d > f H)D
Topic : Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements
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Here's an example explaining Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements2,2-dimethyl-1-bromopropane has very low SN2 reactivity , due to stearic hindrance. Under conditions that favor SN1 reactivity, such as solution in wet formic acid, neopentyl bromide reacts at roughly the same rate as ethyl bromide. Both of these compounds are 1º-alkyl halides, and for an SN1 reaction the rate determining step requires ionization to a 1º-carbocation. As noted in the carbocation stability order shown below, such carbocations are relatively unstable and are formed slowly. Ca
Topic : Noida based Abstract Consultancy has launched go4iit.com!!!
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go4iit.com is a leading educational firm actively involved in providing educational services of free of cost. go4iit.com is India's first educational portal offering completely free solutions for preparation of IIT-JEE and other engineering entrance exams.TOI -NOIDA – 07-August-2011 –A Noida based online management company Abstract Consultancy provides end to end services in leads solutions, competition analysis, market insights, lead generation and sales channel development. The company combines a unique service portfolio with a revolutionary execution model that provides up to 40% reduction in the cost and faster turnaround time.The organizati
Topic : The Aldol Reaction
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The Aldol ReactionA useful carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction known as the Aldol Reaction or the Aldol Condensation is yet another example of electrophilic substitution at the alpha carbon in enols or enolate anions. Three examples of the base-catalyzed aldol reaction are shown in the following diagram, and equivalent acid-catalyzed reactions also occur. The fundamental transformation in this reaction is a dimerization of an aldehyde (or ketone) to a beta-hydroxy aldehyde (or ketone) by alpha C-H addition of one reactant molecule to the carbonyl group of a second reactant molecule. By clicking the "Structural Analysis" button below the diagram, a display
Topic : Alkyl and Aryl Halides
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Summary of Factors Influencing Alkyl Halide Reactions The following table summarizes the expected outcome of alkyl halide reactions with nucleophiles. It is assumed that the alkyl halides have one or more beta-hydrogens, making elimination possible; and that low dielectric solvents (e.g. acetone, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran & ethyl acetate) are used. When a high dielectric solvent would significantly influence the reaction this is noted in red. Note that halogens bonded to sp2 or sp hybridized carbon atoms do not normally undergo substitution or elimination reactions with nucleophilic reagen
Topic : Fullerene
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FullereneFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Buckminsterfullerene C60 (left) and carbon nanotubes (right) are two examples of structures in the fullerene family. Part of a series of articles on Nanomaterials Fullerenes Carbon nanotubesBuckminsterfullereneFullerene chemistryApplicationsIn popular cultureTimelineCarbon allotropes
Topic : No. of Geometrical Isomers
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1. If a compound contains only 1 d.b. then no. of geometical isomers are 22. if a compound contains 2 or more than 2 d.b. and end groups are different , then no. of geometrical isomers will be where n is no. of d.b.3. If a compound contains 2 or more than 2 d.b. and end groups are same , then no. of geometrical isomers will be where p =n/2 if d.b. are even and p=(n+1)/2 if d.b. are odd
Topic : Formula to find enantionmers of non symmentrical compound
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If a compound is a symmetrical or non symmetrical and doesn't contain plane of symmetry , centre of symmetry or alternating axis of symmetry and contain n chirale center then the total enantiomers of the compound will be
Topic : Aromatic Compounds- Nomenclature
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There are two classifications of aromatic compounds.Nuclear Substituted CompoundsWhen the functional group or any substituent, in aromatic compounds is directly attached to the benzene ring, it is a called nuclear substituted compound. Such compounds are named as the derivatives of benzene under the IUPAC system. However, the common names of many such compounds are retained by IUPAC.Sidechain Substituted CompoundsAromatic compounds where the functional group is present in the sidechain of the ring are called sidechain substituted compounds. Sidechain substituted compounds are named as the phenyl derivatives of the corresponding aliphatic compounds.Naming Benze
Topic : Pauli Exclusion Principle
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Pauli Exclusion PrincipleNo two electrons in an atom can have identical quantum numbers. This is an example of a general principle which applies not only to electrons but also to other particles of half-integer spin (fermions). It does not apply to particles of integer spin (bosons). The nature of the Pauli exclusion principle can be illustrated by supposing that electrons 1 and 2 are in states a and b respectively. The wavefunction for the two electron system would be but this wavefunction is unacceptable because the electrons are identical and indistinguishable. To account for this we must use a
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