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Thermodynamics - Solutions In an effort to keep up with everyone in their affluent neighborhood, your friends have decided they must have a new luxury build-in refrigerator. The fact that they never eat at home is simply not the point. But despite their need to be trendy, they remain committed to energy conservation and ask your advice about how to make their new toy as energy efficient as possible. 1. If they locate the new refrigerator in the central column of their enormous kitchen, the refrigerator will be completely surrounded by the kitchen and its air. What effects, if any, will the operation of this refrigerator have on the room air's thermal e
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submitted by edison (4425 m) on 27 Apr 2008 23:33:37 IST (0 comments 125 views)
TOTAL THERMODYNAMICS IN ONE ARTICLEUseful for physics as wel as chemInternal Energy Internal Energy U Internal Energy is the energy stored in a system at the molecular Level. The System's Thermal Energy -the Kinetic Energy of the atoms due to their random motion relative to the Center of Mass plus the binding energy (Potential Energy) that holds the atoms together in terms of atomic bonds. We consider all possible internal changes to the body as making up the total internal energy. There are two ways to change the internal energy: with work, and everything else. Everything else is defined as heat. Heat is the defined as the transfer of energy to a body that does
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submitted by sid.shah.90 (601 m) on 25 Feb 2008 05:55:38 IST (3 comments 737 views)
THERMODYNAMICS 1. a = b/2 =g /3 Where a , b, g are coefficient of linear , superficial and cubical expansion resp. 2. specific heat is max for H2 Min for actinium and radon 3.dulong and petit rule : atomic wt. * specific heat = constant 4. two bodies at different temperature T1 and T2 , if brought in thermal contact do not necessarily settle to mean temperature . the final temp = mean temp only when thermal capacities of bodies are equ
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submitted by bhuvana89 (1046 m) on 6 Aug 2007 13:36:39 IST (5 comments 225 views)
Second Law: Heat Engines Second Law of Thermodynamics: It is impossible to extract an amount of heat QH from a hot reservoir and use it all to do work W . Some amount of heat QC must be exhausted to a cold reservoir. This precludes a perfect heat engine. This is sometimes called the "first form" of the second law, and is referred to as the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law. Second Law: Refrigerator Second Law of Thermodynamics: It is not possible for heat to flow from a colder body to a warmer body without any work having been done to accomplish this flow. Energy will not flow spontaneously from a low temperature object to a higher temperature obje
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submitted by dilip (62 m) on 24 May 2007 01:23:42 IST (1 comments 71 views)
Second Law of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics is a general principle which places constraints upon the direction of heat transfer and the attainable efficiencies of heat engines. In so doing, it goes beyond the limitations imposed by the first law of thermodynamics. It's implications may be visualized in terms of the waterfall analogy Qualitative Statements: Second Law of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics is a profound principle of nature which affects the way energy can be used. There are several approaches to stating this principle qualitatively. Here are some approaches to giving the basic sense of the principl
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submitted by dilip (62 m) on 24 May 2007 01:21:40 IST (0 comments 59 views)
First Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is the application of the conservation of energy principle to heat and thermodynamic processes: The first law makes use of the key concepts of internal energy, heat, and system work. It is used extensively in the discussion of heat engines. It is typical for chemistry texts to write the first law as ?U=Q+W. It is the same law, of course - the thermodynamic expression of the conservation of energy principle. It is just that W is defined as the work done on the system instead of work done by the system. In the context of physics, the common scenario is one of adding heat to a volume of gas and using th
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submitted by dilip (62 m) on 24 May 2007 01:19:06 IST (0 comments 69 views)
A Carnot heat engine is a hypothetical engine that operates on the reversible Carnot cycle. The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded upon by Benoit Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically elaborated upon by Rudolf Clausius in the 1850s and 60s from which the concept of entropy emerged. Every thermodynamic system exists in a particular state. A thermodynamic cycle occurs when a system is taken through a series of different states, and finally returned to its initial state. In the process of going through this cycle, the system may perform work on its surroundings, th
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submitted by raman_shadow (754 m) on 22 May 2007 13:30:29 IST (0 comments 85 views)
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